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• W4322754098 abstract "Abstract The development of new membranes, membrane materials, and membrane-based separation processes should be accompanied by a standardization of the protocols applied for membrane characterization and for data analysis by the community of academic and industrial stakeholders. For example, there exists no recognized and robust protocol for membrane characterization, with characterization conditions often unreported or unclear, which impairs reproducibility and the possibility of comparison between data originated from different stakeholders. Also, regarding membrane analysis, one of the obstacles to the simple use of the classical transport equations to extract membrane transport parameters and to perform predictive flux calculations, is the fact that the magnitude of concentration polarization must be known, which is not always the case and in all cases complicates calculations requiring numerical solutions. Here, a protocol for the experimental characterization of the transport properties of dense membranes is discussed and the results are compared to those expected from classical models of species transport. In addition, new, streamlined equations for the calculation of the water flux and of the solute permeability coefficient in pressure-driven dense membrane processes and in the presence of salt in the feed stream are presented. In contrast to the classical mathematical expression for water flux, the respective equation proposed in this study is algebraic. This characteristic poses the advantage of simple calculation, whereas the classical equation needs to be solved iteratively or numerically. Moreover, in contrast to the solution of the traditional expression for the solute permeability coefficient, which requires knowledge of the hydrodynamics conditions to estimate the magnitude of concentration polarization, the respective equation proposed in this study only requires readily available bulk parameters. Non-dimensional variables for water flux, driving pressure, and mass transfer are introduced as parameters of the new equations. In particular, the non-dimensional variables address the effect of concentration polarization and relate this phenomenon directly to a decline in water flux, allowing for the definition of a filtration efficiency, a useful parameter also in terms of process design." @default.
• W4322754098 created "2023-03-03" @default.
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• W4322754098 date "2023-03-02" @default.
• W4322754098 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W4322754098 title "Towards standardized and simplified practices in membrane science: new simplified equations and a proposed protocol for membrane characterization and water flux prediction" @default.
• W4322754098 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2620535/v1" @default.
• W4322754098 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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