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- W4323019549 abstract "In 1991, the United States government began efforts to address the glass ceiling and its effects on thefederal workforce. This article explores the nature of the glass ceiling, particularly progress made since1991 on the pay status and hierarchical placement of the almost 200,000 engineers in United States federalcivilian employment. When a glass ceiling exists, men occupy a disproportionately high percentage of thehigher ranks in a career field, while women tend to be overrepresented in its lower ranks. Similarly, onaverage men earn higher pay than women in the same organizational rank. These were exactly theconditions of the federal engineering field in 1991, the year of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991that addressed the glass ceiling, among other topics. In 1991, as a result of the existence of the glass ceiling,women engineers earned only about 81% of the salaries and wages of their male counterparts. Through anexploration of federal employment databases, this article suggests that the condition of women engineers ingovernment service has improved in the years since 1991more female engineers are on the governmentrolls, they make up a much larger proportion of senior engineering management, and their compensation ismuch closer to parity with menbut they are not yet equal with males on any of these dimensions." @default.
- W4323019549 created "2023-03-04" @default.
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- W4323019549 date "2017-06-09" @default.
- W4323019549 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4323019549 title "Pay and Rank of Female Engineers in Government Service: A Crack in the Glass Ceiling" @default.
- W4323019549 doi "https://doi.org/10.21423/awlj-v21.a277" @default.
- W4323019549 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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