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- W4323362588 abstract "Abstract Cities around the world have introduced initiatives to reduce CO 2 emissions. Atmospheric observations can provide evaluation and assessment of these initiatives by quantifying emissions, considering local sources and sinks. The relative importance of the urban biosphere, which can act as both a source (respiration) and sink (photosynthesis) of CO 2 , has previously been suggested to strongly impact urban CO 2 measurements, confounding the ability to use observations to study fossil emissions. However, if using an observing framework that measures a local urban background and the direct urban core outflow, for example, along a downwind airborne transect, the biosphere’s role may be minimized. Here, we combine real, airborne observations of CO 2 downwind of select cities in the Northeast US with high‐resolution, back‐trajectory modeling and spatially and temporally resolved surface biosphere and fossil fuel fluxes to characterize the relative biosphere importance to urban CO 2 profiles. We show the biosphere influence using this urban observing system to be small, averaging only 15% of the local CO 2 enhancement annually, <10% outside of summer, and with a maximum influence of 29% in summer when the biosphere drawdown is most pronounced. Furthermore, when considering two biosphere models that differ by >80%, the impact on observed urban CO 2 signals is reduced to only 12% on average. Urban observing frameworks that utilize this local background approach—including those via aircraft or satellite observations—can minimize the biosphere's influence and thus help facilitate robust assessments of urban fossil fuel CO 2 emissions." @default.
- W4323362588 created "2023-03-08" @default.
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- W4323362588 date "2023-03-21" @default.
- W4323362588 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W4323362588 title "Observing System Choice Can Minimize Interference of the Biosphere in Studies of Urban CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions" @default.
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- W4323362588 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jd037452" @default.
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