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• W4327719789 abstract "Burnout is defined by the World Health Organization as a syndrome conceptualized from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed [1World Health OrganizationQd85 burnout.https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/129180281Date accessed: February 26, 2023Google Scholar]. Burnout refers specifically to the occupational context and should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life. Burnout fundamentally is characterized by three dimensions—exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy [1World Health OrganizationQd85 burnout.https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/129180281Date accessed: February 26, 2023Google Scholar]. Multiple studies have demonstrated a repeatedly high prevalence of radiologist burnout compared with other physicians [2Shanafelt T.D. West C.P. Sinsky C. et al.Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration in physicians and the general us working population between 2011 and 2020.Mayo Clin Proc. 2022; 97: 491-506Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar], across multiple subspecialty cohorts [3Ayyala R.S. Ahmed F.S. Ruzal-Shapiro C. Taylor G.A. Prevalence of burnout among pediatric radiologists.J Am Coll Radiol. 2019; 16: 518-522Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar, 4Parikh J.R. Sun J. Mainiero M.B. Prevalence of burnout in breast imaging radiologists.J Breast Imaging. 2020; 2: 112-118Crossref Scopus (22) Google Scholar, 5Eisenberg R.L. Sotman T.E. Czum J.M. Montner S.M. Meyer C.A. Prevalence of burnout among cardiothoracic radiologists.J Thorac Imaging. 2021; 36: 57-64Crossref PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar, 6Bundy J.J. Hage A.N. Srinivasa R.N. et al.Burnout among interventional radiologists.J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020; 31: 607-613.e1Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar] and radiology practice settings [7Higgins M. Nguyen M.T. Kosowsky T. et al.Burnout, professional fulfillment, intention to leave, and sleep-related impairment among faculty radiologists in the united states: an epidemiologic study.J Am Coll Radiol. 2021; 18: 1359-1364Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar,8Parikh J.R. Moore A.V. Mead L. Bassett R. Rubin E. Prevalence of burnout of radiologists in private practice.J Am Coll Rad. 2023; (in press)Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2) Google Scholar]. Physician burnout has been associated with negative patient outcomes [9Dewa C.S. Loong D. Bonato S. Trojanowski L. The relationship between physician burnout and quality of healthcare in terms of safety and acceptability: a systematic review.BMJ Open. 2017; 7e015141Crossref PubMed Scopus (226) Google Scholar,10Garcia C.L. Abreu L.C. Ramos J.L.S. et al.Influence of burnout on patient safety: systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicina (Kaunas). 2019; 55: 553Crossref PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar], adverse physician-related outcomes [11Oreskovich M.R. Shanafelt T. Dyrbye L.N. et al.The prevalence of substance use disorders in american physicians.Am J Addict. 2015; 24: 30-38Crossref PubMed Scopus (211) Google Scholar,12Brown S.D. Goske M.J. Johnson C.M. Beyond substance abuse: stress, burnout, and depression as causes of physician impairment and disruptive behavior.J Am Coll Radiol. 2009; 6: 479-485Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar], and negative workplace metrics including radiologist intention to leave [7Higgins M. Nguyen M.T. Kosowsky T. et al.Burnout, professional fulfillment, intention to leave, and sleep-related impairment among faculty radiologists in the united states: an epidemiologic study.J Am Coll Radiol. 2021; 18: 1359-1364Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar]. Siewert et al [13Siewert B. Bruno M. Fleishon H.B. Summary of the 2022 ACR Intersociety Meeting.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 479-486Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] point out the need to overcome burnout toward wellness in radiology. Radiology practice leaders are therefore becoming increasingly accountable for addressing burnout of their radiologists [14Parikh J.R. Bender C.E. How radiology leaders can address burnout.J Am Coll Radiol. 2021; 18: 679-684Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar,15Swensen S. Kabcenell A. Shanafelt T. Physician-organization collaboration reduces physician burnout and promotes engagement: the Mayo Clinic experience.J Healthc Manag. 2016; 61: 105-127Crossref PubMed Scopus (148) Google Scholar]. A survey by the ACR Commission on Human Resources found 77% of radiology practice leaders thought that burnout was a significant or very significant problem, but only 21% reported either extremely or very effective mechanisms to address radiologist burnout [16Parikh J.R. Wolfman D. Bender C.E. Arleo E. Radiologist burnout according to surveyed radiology practice leaders.J Am Coll Radiol. 2020; 17: 78-81Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar]. We therefore have a fundamental disconnect across the house of radiology—practices want to help improve the now well-established burnout in radiology but are not sure how. This focus issue on burnout was conceived as a guide to empower radiology practices and radiology practice leaders with potential tools and strategies to help address radiologist burnout in their local environments. A previously proposed structure to tackle burnout and restore vitality is to address three equally important contextual factors: those centering on the individual, on leadership, and on the organization [17Shah D.T. Williams V.N. Thorndyke L.E. et al.Restoring faculty vitality in academic medicine when burnout threatens.Acad Med. 2018; 93: 979-984Crossref PubMed Scopus (46) Google Scholar]. The articles in this focus issue describe innovative approaches to address burnout in radiology at all three levels. Resiliency is defined as the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal demands [18American Psychological AssociationResilence.https://dictionary.apa.org/resilienceDate accessed: February 26, 2023Google Scholar]. At the individual level, two articles highlight the value of resiliency. Restauri et al [19Restauri N. Potigailo V. Milla S. Onward: creating conditions for transformation in a parapandemic world.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 503-509Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] describe the individual transformation required post-COVID-19 from radiologists to persevere. Owen and Owen [20Owen W.A. Owen J.W. How two academic radiologists took 6 months off to travel with their kids: bringing back the sabbatical to improve wellness.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 513-515Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] share their personal experience taking an unpaid 6-month sabbatical to travel around the world with their three children. A recent national survey study found that physicians exhibited higher levels of resilience than the general working population in the United States. Although resilience was inversely associated with burnout, burnout rates were substantial even among the most resilient physicians [21West C.P. Dyrbye L.N. Sinsky C. et al.Resilience and burnout among physicians and the general US working population.JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3e209385Crossref Scopus (166) Google Scholar]. Additional solutions are therefore needed—we need to also redesign processes, not just our radiologists [22Bluth E.I. Bender C.E. Parikh J.R. Burnout: Redesign the work process rather than the person.J Am Coll Radiol. 2017; 14: 1375-1376Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar]. Physician leadership has a significant role in physician burnout. One recent single-institution study demonstrated that 9.8% of the variation in a leader’s leadership behavior scores were related to their own independently assessed degree of burnout [23Shanafelt T.D. Makowski M.S. Wang H. et al.Association of burnout, professional fulfillment, and self-care practices of physician leaders with their independently rated leadership effectiveness.JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3e207961Crossref Scopus (35) Google Scholar]. Burnout among leaders may result in suboptimal leadership behavior, which in turn increases the risk of burnout in their team members, creating a vicious cycle [24Mete M. Goldman C. Shanafelt T. Marchalik D. Impact of leadership behaviour on physician well-being, burnout, professional fulfilment and intent to leave: a multicentre cross-sectional survey study.BMJ Open. 2022; 12e057554Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar]. Previous studies have demonstrated across different practice models a high prevalence of burnout among radiology practice leaders [25Ganeshan D. Wei W. Yang W. Burnout in chairs of academic radiology departments in the United States.Acad Radiol. 2019; 26: 1378-1384Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar,26Parikh J.R. Van Moore A. Mead L. Bassett R. Rubin E. Prevalence of burnout in private practice radiology leaders.Clin Imaging. 2022; 92: 1-6Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar]. Lexa and Parikh [27Lexa F.J. Parikh J.R. Leadership: causing and curing burnout in radiology.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 500-502Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] describe how leaders in radiology may therefore be a cause or cure for radiologist burnout. Perceived leadership behaviors have a significantly lower likelihood of burnout and lower intention to leave among physicians [24Mete M. Goldman C. Shanafelt T. Marchalik D. Impact of leadership behaviour on physician well-being, burnout, professional fulfilment and intent to leave: a multicentre cross-sectional survey study.BMJ Open. 2022; 12e057554Crossref PubMed Scopus (3) Google Scholar]. Parikh and Cavanaugh [28Parikh J.R. Cavanaugh K.J. Formal wellness training of academic radiology leaders and improved teamwork scores of their faculty.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 510-512Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] specifically investigate the impact of leadership development upon burnout and fulfillment of academic radiology faculty. Organizational approaches to burnout vary, depending on size and culture. The previously described approaches of leadership development training and implementation of sabbaticals may be appropriate. Wasserman et al [29Weissman I. Van Geertruyden P. Prabhakar A.M. et al.Practice resources to address radiologist burnout.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 494-499Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar] describe practice resources that may be leveraged to address practice burnout by different sizes and types of organizations. Many organizations have practices in both diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. Previous work by the ACR Commission on Human Resources provided a seminal report on the status of burnout of radiologists [30Harolds J.A. Parikh J.R. Bluth E.I. Dutton S.C. Recht M.P. Burnout of radiologists: frequency, risk factors, and remedies: a report of the ACR Commission on Human Resources.J Am Coll Radiol. 2016; 13: 411-416Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (164) Google Scholar]. Beltràn Poncea et al [31Beltràn Poncea S. Small C. Aminib A. et al.Overcoming burnout and promoting wellness in radiation oncology: a report from the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology.J Am Coll Radiol. 2023; 20: 487-493Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (2) Google Scholar] have generated a similar report on the current status of the burnout of radiation oncologists, including possible solutions. The innovative approaches presented in this focus issue are not intended to be a panacea for the complex issue of burnout in radiology, which has been ubiquitous in radiology for decades. Rather, the collection of articles in this focus issue are presented as early attempts to chip away at the large iceberg known as burnout in radiology. Hopefully these innovative ideas will stimulate further investigations to address burnout and help our profession, our patients, and ourselves. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA106672." @default.
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• W4327719789 title "Innovative Approaches to Address Burnout in Radiology" @default.
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