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- W4334101 abstract "This chapter discusses the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on inflammation, hemostasis, and fibrinolysis markers and analyzes the effects of lower doses of HT and tibolone in postmenopausal women. HT has both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects and HT activates coagulation and improves fibrinolysis. These effects depend on the route of administration, doses of estrogen, the age of the woman, and presence of coronary artery disease or the coexistence of other risk factors for hypercoagulability. Accordingly, the most effective approach may be to use HT immediately postmenopause. As alternatives, lower doses of HT or tibolone might prevent coronary heart disease without increasing stroke or thromboembolism risk. However, clinical recommendations regarding the effects of lower doses of HT or tibolone on cardiovascular outcomes must await the performance of additional studies with clinical end points. The coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are two separate, but interlinked, enzyme cascades that regulate the production and breakdown of fibrin. The favorable vascular effects of estrogen on atherosclerosis, inflammation, hemostasis, and coronary flow reserve are dependent on the integrity of both the endothelium and estrogen receptor populations in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Optimization of estrogen's cardio-protective properties may depend on the presence of a healthy endothelium." @default.
- W4334101 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W4334101 creator A5039669586 @default.
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- W4334101 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W4334101 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4334101 title "The Effects of Hormone Therapy on Inflammatory, Hemostatic, and Fibrinolytic Markers in Postmenopausal Women" @default.
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