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- W43373337 abstract "The middle of the nineteenth century marked the high point of the power and wealth of Great Britain, and her people were proud not only of these: they were conscious of the greatness of their contribution not only to law and to the natural sciences, to literature and to the arts of government, but also to the visual arts.1IN 2002, THE SCOTTISH ARTIST MAUD SUITER'S PLAY Service to Empire was published.2 The play was an innovative recasting of Suiter's own biography. While she herself was bom of a white Scottish mother and a Ghanaian father in Glasgow in 1960, the central narrative of Service to Empire was located in mid-twentieth-century Ghana and centred on the relationship between a white Scotsman and a Ghanaian woman; an illicit union which resulted in the birth of JJ, a fictional character growing up to bear more than a passing resemblance to Flight Lieutenant Jerry J. Rawlings, who was, for two spells, one of Ghana's military rulers. As the play moves towards its denouement, Big Man John (JJ's father, who has spent much of his life working as a pharmacist in colonial Ghana) receives a communication Buckingham Palace. The Queen of England. It reads:I have been asked to inform you that it is the Secretary of State's intention to have the Prime Minister put to The Queen a recommendation that She may be pleased that you be appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire. The Secretary would be glad to know that this mark of Her Majesty's favour is acceptable to you. The suggestion should, of course, be kept strictly confidential until publication of the list takes place.3Although the British Empire, for the most part, no longer exists, there still persists the somewhat anachronistic practice of the monarch or her representative awarding medals to those so chosen, for Service to Empire, and in recent years those deemed to have given such service have included a growing number of Black artists, who, along with others thus favoured, have found themselves being offered 'gongs' in the Queen's Birthday and New Year Honours. As such, this is to some extent an unfolding phenomenon, as each year new names of Black artists sporting British Empire suffixes to their names are added to a growing list.It has only been over the course of the past decade or so that Black artists have come to - or have been brought to - the attention of the secretive committee of Whitehall mandarins whose duty it is to make recommendations concerning the awarding of these honours. Though a roll call of previous refuseniks was leaked to the Sunday Times, towards the end of 2OO34 (apparently divulging the names of some three hundred people who had rejected honours in the past sixty years), we cannot, by definition and for the most part, know which artists and which others, if any, have - year on year - declined the offer of a gong. Furthermore, we are not privy to definitive reasons that may have motivated the refuseniks. Rejecting a gong seems to be informed by one or more of three chief motives. First, a disavowal, by the approached would-be honoree, of the entire honours system; secondly, a sense that the gong offered is below the level at which the refusenik would prefer to be - or considers her or himself to be entitled to be - honoured; and thirdly, reluctance on the part of the would-be honoree to be publicly identified with the politics or the leadership of the government of the day.5 Consequently, in seeking to research the honours system and its seeming attempts to increasingly embrace Black people, we can do little more than speculate as to why, for example, Comedian Lenny Henry rejected an OBE under the Tories [and John Major] in 1994 but accepted a CBE from [Tony Blair's] New Labour in 1999.6Perhaps the most conspicuous refusenik (prepared to set out his stall to display the reasons that lay behind his rebuttal) has been the poet Benjamin Zephaniah, who was apparently offered an OBE in late 2003. Had Zephaniah accepted, his name would have appeared in the then forthcoming list of New Year's Honours. …" @default.
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- W43373337 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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