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- W4360617152 abstract "Abstract We trace CO2 concentrations through geological time. After the core and the crust were formed, 4.5 billion years ago (Gyr), Earth started to develop an atmosphere. An atmosphere that consisted of the exhaust gases from the interior: water vapour, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. It was not a pleasant place, hot and continuously bombarded by meteorites. It is called the Hadean, after the Greek god of death, Hades. The initial pressure of CO2 may have been 10–100 times the current atmospheric pressure, with CO2 probably making up 70% of the atmosphere. During the next period, the Archean, covering 1.3 billion years, life started to appear. The atmospheric CO2 concentration dropped to values around 10–20 times the current one. Life developed, first as ancestors of Bacteria and Archea that produced biomass without fully using photosynthesis. The ability of cyanobacteria to photosynthesize and produce oxygen slowly changed the atmospheric composition. This period is called the Proterozoic and lasts from 2.5 Gyr until 541 million years ago (Myr). The atmospheric concentration of CO2 had gone down to 3–5 times our current levels. From this Hothouse Earth in the Eocene to about 2.5 Myr when the Pleistocene started, the CO2 concentration would continue to further decline, with occasional large spikes, likely due to periods of increased volcanic eruptions. Around 34 Myr, at the Eocene–Oligocene transition, the atmospheric concentration was down to around 400–900 ppm. Earth was moving from a hothouse into an icehouse. Ice sheets had started to appear." @default.
- W4360617152 created "2023-03-24" @default.
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- W4360617152 date "2023-03-27" @default.
- W4360617152 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4360617152 title "CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE GEOLOGICAL PAST" @default.
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- W4360617152 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869412.003.0006" @default.
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