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• W4360972839 abstract "The Complicated Case of Paolo Vigerio, Son of Cardinal Marco Vigerio, O.F.M. Nelson H. Minnich and Ugo Taraborrelli* In his 1995 study of the registers of the Sacra Penitenzieria, Filippo Tamburini called attention to the case of Paolo Vigerio, 'scolaris Romanus'. Paolo, who was described as the son of a bishop and a nun, perhaps professed, turned to the Penitentiary for a dispensation from illegitimacy, to be able to receive holy orders and an ecclesiastical benefice. Tamburini proposed two persons as candidates for the bishop in question: Cardinal Marco Vigerio (†1516)1 or his successor as bishop of Senigallia, Marco Quinto Vigerio (†1560). He speculated that it was more likely that the cardinal was the father. Because the dispensation was granted with no fees attached, Tamburini suspected that Paolo was someone known in the Roman Curia. And because the document granting the dispensation was not given to Paolo on 7 March 1513, the date of the dispensation, but in May of 1514, the delay was due to waiting until Paolo became of canonical age.2 [End Page 189] With the help of new sources, this contribution would like to present new details on the case of Paolo Vigerio and, through it, shed light on the complex bureaucratic procedures and documentary practices of the Roman Curia in the early sixteenth century. Let's start from the beginning. The entry in the Penitentiary register3 reported by Tamburini, dated 'Nonis martii' [1513], gives the name of the procurator in this case as Gonini,4 and states that the dispensation was granted to Paolo without a fee due to the favor of the 'scriptor Intinus' ('gratis intuitu domini Intini scriptoris').5 The diocese of the supplicant is Rome. The entry is very short and includes only the particular details concerning the supplicant, as it is usual for the supplications registered under the title de defectu natalium. It states that: Paolo Vigerio, a Roman student,6 born of a bishop and an unmarried woman, seeks for himself to be dispensed in simple form. Mercurius Vipera, the regent, grants it by a special mandate. The dispensation is [End Page 190] committed to the bishop of Modrus currently resident in the Roman Curia. Mercurius so lets it be. The dispensations in simple form (in prima forma) allowed illegitimate men affected by a defect of birth (defectus natalium), as in the case of Paolo Vigerio, to receive holy orders and to hold one ecclesiastical benefice with cure of souls.7 The approval formula in such cases was 'Fiat de speciali'. That means that this type of grace was reserved to the pope and was delegated to the officials of the Penitentiary by a special papal mandate.8 Once the supplication was approved, moreover, the procedure required the redaction of 'litterae in mundum' on parchment destined to be delivered to the beneficiary. In the case of Paolo, the grant was signed by the regent—the dean of the Rota Mercurius Vipera9—, i.e. the deputy of the cardinal Major Penitentiary, having the faculties to approve and sign the petitions in the cardinal's absence. The Major [End Page 191] Penitentiary, Leonardo Grosso della Rovere (1511-1520),10 was participating in the conclave following the death of pope Julius II (March 4 to 11). Based on the registers of Penitentiary, Ludwig Schmugge has calculated that approximately 38,000 people turned to this office during the years 1449-1533 to obtain a dispensation from illegitimacy.11 And the number appears certainly underestimated.12 But the evidences concerning bishops' children are scarce: Schmugge listed only 117 cases for that period, i.e., 1.4 per year.13 Therefore, Paolo's supplication can be considered quite uncommon. According to the Penitentiary's practice, the obtained grace of dispensation from illegitimacy was committed for execution to a bishop.14 The task of such a commissioner was very important. He had to verify the correctness and the truthfulness of the facts given by the supplicant and contained in the letter of the Penitentiary. If everything was found correct and in accordance with the law, then he could proceed to the execution of the grace by virtue of the received commission. At..." @default.
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• W4360972839 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4360972839 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4360972839 title "The Complicated Case of Paolo Vigerio, Son of Cardinal Marco Vigerio, O.F.M." @default.
• W4360972839 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/bmc.2022.0007" @default.
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