Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4360990177> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W4360990177 endingPage "116518" @default.
- W4360990177 startingPage "116518" @default.
- W4360990177 abstract "Plate & frame and spiral-wound modules are used for gas separation, pervaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electro-dialysis, electro-deionization, membrane distillation and forward osmosis membrane processes. Feed channel spacers are an integral part of both module types – providing mechanical support for a cross-flow channel through the module and, in most cases, promoting mixing to enhance mass transfer to reduce concentration polarization and fouling. However, enhanced mass transfer comes at a cost of increased hydraulic pressure losses and stagnant zones wherever a spacer filament touches a membrane surface. These stagnant zones exacerbate membrane fouling and make cleaning more difficult. Efforts to improve feed spacer performance largely focus on adjusting the chemistry or geometry of the spacer to mitigate these challenges. Additive manufacturing (i.e. 3D printing) offers new degrees of freedom in feed spacer design and production, which opens up a new area of research in membrane technology. This review critically assesses the peer-reviewed literature on conventional net- or mesh-style feed spacers in addition to various novel spacer geometries and chemistries produced via 3D printing. We further review and evaluate conventional spacer manufacturing methods and discuss advantages and disadvantages of 3D printed spacers." @default.
- W4360990177 created "2023-03-30" @default.
- W4360990177 creator A5025972334 @default.
- W4360990177 creator A5066796030 @default.
- W4360990177 creator A5070813302 @default.
- W4360990177 creator A5082216256 @default.
- W4360990177 date "2023-06-01" @default.
- W4360990177 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W4360990177 title "Advancements in conventional and 3D printed feed spacers in membrane modules" @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1965775108 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1966439449 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1977603088 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1979771475 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1985133225 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1988171811 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1993268954 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W1998070905 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2002298554 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2008929320 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2011703225 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2013942484 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2015802639 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2023759809 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2026703105 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2026969622 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2029625311 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2036395204 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2043145764 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2044422749 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2046364194 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2047379267 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2056451767 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2057192381 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2059767248 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2060441545 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2061261628 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2070742573 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2072830428 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2072866279 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2076237713 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2077157615 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2079300669 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2084641937 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2088274293 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2094227873 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2134192699 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2155055024 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2156819776 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2183470152 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2194108214 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2204116415 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2208107878 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2225373060 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2514712600 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2528321021 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2567199666 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2567340367 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2613403567 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2625700424 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2740911118 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2756201337 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2756957841 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2763349771 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2765709152 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2769005093 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2773517774 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2789340231 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2799401246 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2810171128 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2885183401 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2898765495 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2899270272 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2905426982 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2906952633 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2911389602 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2917138363 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2920928213 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2920968002 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2924362995 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2946987476 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2965708900 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2968672200 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2973094546 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2979759590 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2985331981 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W2995930065 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3003927032 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3014145542 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3017339918 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3048692617 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3049327790 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3080719694 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3081203674 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3083110162 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3090438054 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3098610009 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3111742959 @default.
- W4360990177 cites W3124210231 @default.