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• W4360990544 abstract "The number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is increasing worldwide. A number of virulence factors contribute to the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Traditional antimicrobials did not affect their overall production or functionality. One of the advantages of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is its significant influence on the biological activity of virulence factors. A well-known factor in staphylococcal virulence is staphyloxanthin. This gold pigment, localized in the bacterial membrane, is mainly responsible for the quenching of oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Staphyloxantin production, is dependent on the functioning of crtOPQMN operon. High pigmentation of S. aureus may affect the effectiveness of photoinactivation [1]. Gallium conjugates are dual action compounds, that can act independently of light to block iron metabolism or to act as a light-dependent photosensitizer (PS). Our recent study showed that these compounds can be recognized as natural heme analogue (Fe3+ protoporphyrin IX) by the isd system (iron-regulated surface determinant) [2]. The study investigated the effectiveness of aPDI with water-soluble cationic gallium porphyrin (Ga-CHP) as a photosensitizer on the viability of several S. aureus strains. The effect of phototreatment on staphyloxantin levels was also investigated. The PS used for this study was a water-soluble Ga-CHP compound that consists of the porphyrin ring, gallium ions, and quaternary ammonium groups that increase its water solubility. Blue light (λmax= 409 nm) and Ga-CHP treatment with was performed on several staphylococcal strains with divergent MDR profiles and staphyloxanthin production levels. S. aureus SA144 WT and its ΔcrtM deletion mutant and CrtM-overexpression mutant (ΔcrtM-pDCerm::crtMN) were also used in the evaluation of aPDI efficiency. Methanol extracts prepared from SA144 WT, ΔcrtM, and CrtM-overexpressing strain were subjected to sublethal aPDI conditions and carotenoids levelswere determined at 450 nm. A bacterial eradication (>6log10 CFU/mL) was observed for S. aureus strains despite the divergent multi-drug response profile using 10 µM Ga-CHP. The staphyloxantin overexpressing strain was most resistant to aPDI (1 µM Ga-CHP) with a maximum reduction of 1.1 log10 CFU/mL, while its deletion mutant was most susceptible to aPDI (reduction of 4.5 log10). The absorbance of extracts was significantly reduced under sublethal aPDI conditions in both highly pigmented strain and SA144 WT compared to untreated extracts. Blue light treatment with water-soluble Ga-CHP was effective in reducing the viability of S. aureus. The high level of staphyloxanthin in the staphylococcal membrane protected against photooxidation and reduced the effectiveness of aPDI treatment. However, this carotenoid compound can be easily inactivated with phototreatment. This work was funded by National Science Center, Poland- SHENG (no. 2018/30/NZ7/00181)" @default.
• W4360990544 created "2023-03-30" @default.
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• W4360990544 date "2023-03-01" @default.
• W4360990544 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4360990544 title "Phototreatment with water-soluble cationic gallium porphyrin impacts Staphylococcus aureus viability and staphyloxanthanin level" @default.
• W4360990544 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103476" @default.
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