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- W4361265878 abstract "<div>Abstract<p>Endothelin (ET) B receptor (ET<sub>B</sub>R), which is overexpressed in human cutaneous melanomas, promotes tumorigenesis upon activation by ET-1 or ET-3, thus representing a potential novel therapeutic target. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is the transcriptional factor that conveys signaling elicited by hypoxia and growth factor receptors. Here, we investigated the interplay between ET axis and hypoxia in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. We report that under normoxic conditions, ET<sub>B</sub>R activation by ET-1/ET-3 enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) up-regulation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2 protein expression and COX-2 promoter activity, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) production, and do so to a greater extent under hypoxia. Moreover, COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors block ET-induced PGE<sub>2</sub> and VEGF secretion, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation, and cell invasion, indicating that both enzymes function as downstream mediators of ET-induced invasive properties. The ET<sub>B</sub>R selective antagonist BQ788 or transfection with ET<sub>B</sub>R small interfering RNA (siRNA) block the ET-mediated effects. ETs also increase HIF-1α expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and its silencing by siRNA desensitizes COX-2 transcriptional activity, PGE<sub>2</sub> and VEGF production, and MMP activation in response to ET-3, implicating, for the first time, HIF-1α/COX as downstream targets of ET<sub>B</sub>R signaling leading to invasiveness. In melanoma xenografts, specific ET<sub>B</sub>R antagonist suppresses tumor growth, neovascularization, and invasiveness-related factors. Collectively, these results identify a new mechanism whereby ET-1/ET-3/ET<sub>B</sub>R axis can promote and interact with the HIF-1α–dependent machinery to amplify the COX-mediated invasive behavior of melanoma. New therapeutic strategies using specific ET<sub>B</sub>R antagonist could provide an improved approach to the treatment of melanoma by inhibiting tumor growth and progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1725–34]</p></div>" @default.
- W4361265878 created "2023-03-31" @default.
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- W4361265878 date "2023-03-30" @default.
- W4361265878 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4361265878 title "Data from Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-3 Promote Invasive Behavior via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Human Melanoma Cells" @default.
- W4361265878 doi "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.c.6494876.v1" @default.
- W4361265878 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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