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• W4362610995 abstract "People with low vision have difficulty accomplishing visual tasks but the ability can be enhanced with the use of environment modifications. Visual skills: scanning, tracing and tracking, integrated with environmental cues can result in safer and more efficient orientation and mobility. This research aimed to optimize traffic signs for the low vision concerning shape with color in dim and bright environments, types of traffic sign carrying visual information, negative/positive presentations, backgrounds and distances. Three successive investigations were carried out. Firstly, the effect of dim (18.9 cd/m2)/ bright (255 cd/m2), 6 shapes with 4 colors and 6 distances (size of sample in degrees presented on retina) were examined in response to reaction time of correct answer viewed on the calibrated EIZO monitor by 10 normal color vision participants wearing 3 types of simulated low vision glasses: blurred vision (BV) with visual acuity (VA) of 0.06, occlusion vision (CV) with VA of 0.08 and narrow vision (NV) with 3 degrees of visual field. It was found that dim environment resulted in confusion of circular and octagonal shapes reflected in long reaction time when the subtended visual angle of the stimulus was less than 3.4 degrees for BV and CV. The triangular and the circular shapes show the lowest reaction time responded by BV, CV and NV respectively. Blue and green were confused in dim condition and red showed shortest reaction time. Secondly, two types of traffic information: pictogram-based and text-based were added to the triangular shape and circular shape, with 4 colors. These traffic signs along with 3 backgrounds, negative and positive presentations and 3 sizes of the subtended visual angle were tested in response to the accuracy and reaction time by 5 normal color vision participants wearing the same simulated low vision glasses as the 1st investigation. They viewed the stimulus on the calibrated EIZO monitor. It was found that BV and CV had similar trends; the BV was rather inferior in response to dependent variables in test. The text-based traffic signs were more comprehensive in short time than the pictogram-based ones for 3 types of the simulated low vision. The optimum distance for the BV and CV in recognizing the pictogram traffic signs accurately should not be longer than 6.7 m when viewed the sign size of 60 cm or the size of subtended visual angle should not be smaller than 5.2 degrees. The triangle traffic signs showed lower reaction time than the circle one for the BV and CV. The NV recognized the pictogram traffic sign accurately irrespective of distance in test. The optimum distance in recognizing the text traffic signs for the NV should be greater than 6.7 m and the circle was more effective. The negative/positive presentation and colors were not dominant factors contributing to reaction time. The combined effects of negative/positive and colors showed that blue/negative traffic sign significantly gave the lowest reaction time for the CV. However, blue gave the longest reaction time in the effective distance for the NV. The significant difference of reaction time is rather small of about 200–500 ms. The optimum factors were combined to design candidate traffic signs negative/blue/triangle for BV and CV and positive/yellow/circle for NV. Finally, the candidate traffic signs were assessed in comparison with the current ones by 15 normal color vision participants wearing the 3 types of simulated low vision glasses at 3 simulated distances. It was found that 2 pictogram and 1 text candidates out of 6 for BV and CV showed higher accuracy than the current traffic signs. The candidates for the NV gave the same performance as the current ones." @default.
• W4362610995 created "2023-04-06" @default.
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• W4362610995 date "2023-04-05" @default.
• W4362610995 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4362610995 title "Improvement of traffic signs for people with low vision" @default.
• W4362610995 doi "https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2020.257" @default.
• W4362610995 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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