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- W4362659584 abstract "Scandium (Sc), declared a critical raw material in the European Union (EU), could face further supply issues as the EU depends almost entirely on imports from China, Russia, and Ukraine. In this study, a tandem nanofiltration-solvent extraction procedure for Sc recovery from titania (TiO2) acid waste was piloted and then augmented by antisolvent crystallization. The new process, comprising advanced filtration (hydroxide precipitation, micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration), solvent extraction, and antisolvent crystallization, was assessed in relation to material and energy inputs and benchmarked on ScF3 production. From ∼1 m3 of European acid waste containing traces of Sc (81 mg L-1), ∼13 g of Sc (43% yield, nine stages) was recovered as (NH4)3ScF6 with a purity of approximately 95%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the approach. The production costs per kilogram of ScF3 were lower than reported market prices, which underscores a competitive process at scale. Although a few technical bottlenecks (e.g., S/L separation and electricity consumption) need to be overcome, combining advanced filtration with solvent extraction and antisolvent crystallization promises a future supply of this critical raw material from European secondary sources." @default.
- W4362659584 created "2023-04-07" @default.
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- W4362659584 date "2023-04-06" @default.
- W4362659584 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4362659584 title "From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO<sub>2</sub> Acid Waste" @default.
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- W4362659584 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06979" @default.
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