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- W4366088023 abstract "Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) has gained great interest as a visible‐light‐activated photocatalyst. As an emerging nanomaterial for environmental applications, its competitive performance and environmentally responsible synthesis are critical to its success. A powerful tool for informing material development with reduced environmental impacts is life cycle assessment (LCA). In this study, LCA is used to evaluate the environmental impacts of g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheet produced via eight existing synthesis routes. The results reveal electricity as the main contributor to the cumulative impacts of all eight g‐C 3 N 4 syntheses. There are opportunities to reduce energy demand, and consequently the synthesis impacts, by revising synthesis procedures (i.e., removing or reducing time of use of a piece of equipment), optimizing the calcination step (i.e., faster heating rate, lower heating time, lower temperature), and moving to cleaner electricity sources. Further, benchmarking the environmental impacts of g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheets to a well‐established metal‐based photocatalyst, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO 2 ), reveals mixed comparative results. The synthesis method substantially influences the comparative impacts. Considering use‐phase benefits of activating g‐C 3 N 4 with visible wavelength light emitting diodes compared to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths for nano‐TiO 2 results in a 52% energy demand reduction (in kWh). Performance of g‐C 3 N 4 compared to a high‐energy disinfection approach (i.e., conventional UV) reveals an inability to meet drinking water disinfection standards for viral load reduction (4‐log reduction) with any mass of g‐C 3 N 4 , given its high embodied resource footprint. This work establishes a foundation to inform and direct g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheets toward improved sustainable development." @default.
- W4366088023 created "2023-04-19" @default.
- W4366088023 creator A5064745679 @default.
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- W4366088023 date "2023-04-17" @default.
- W4366088023 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W4366088023 title "Comparative life cycle assessment of graphitic carbon nitride synthesis routes" @default.
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- W4366088023 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13390" @default.
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