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- W4366608420 abstract "The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential for using the retentate from nanofiltration (NF) treatment of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) effluent for fertirrigation. Nanofiltration retentates from tertiary effluent treatment from a Brazilian TMP pulp mill were used. Electrical conductivity (EC) and the concentration of both metals (Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cu2+) and chlorides in the NF retentate were evaluated. The sodium (SAR) and potassium (PAR) adsorption ratios were calculated. The risks of increasing the salinity, effects on the infiltration rate, toxicity and excess nutrients were evaluated according to the American and European standards, and application according to crop and soil were analyzed according to the Brazilian standard. The NF retentate is classified as irrigation water Class I for the risks of reduced water infiltration into the soil, availability of nutrients and the concentration of copper and iron, Class II for the risks of toxicity, pH and concentration of manganese and Class III for the risks of salinity and concentrations of TS, TSS and turbidity, according to American and European standards. The salinity content and the physicochemical characteristics classify the effluent NF retentate, according to the Brazilian standard, as fresh water and Class III for irrigation. The NF retentate from thermomechanical pulp mill effluents, according to both the American and the European standards, cannot be used for fertirrigation, as it is classified as Class III. However, the Brazilian standard allows its use for the irrigation of any tree species, cereals and forages and as a source of nutrients to reduce fertilizer use. The retentate can be applied to highly salt-tolerant plant crops such as Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and sugarcane, and may be used in soil with a basic pH and high permeability." @default.
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- W4366608420 date "2023-09-01" @default.
- W4366608420 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4366608420 title "Fertirrigation with nanofiltration retentate from thermomechanical pulp mill effluents" @default.
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- W4366608420 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116713" @default.
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