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• W4366809930 abstract "244 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE and lacking bibliographic references, may at first seem an awkward appendage tacked onto the two thoroughly researched treatises on the history of this technology. Yet it is founded in history and brings to life the technology, and so serves as a coda to the academic en­ deavors of the more senior authors. Ayalon also deserves credit as the editor of this tripartite book. Research presented in this book is based on an impressive bibliog­ raphy of Hebrew, English, French, Spanish, and German-language works focusing mostly on research in Israel but also drawing on re­ lated studies elsewhere in the Mediterranean. This historical collec­ tion ranges in publication date from 1762 to 1989 and includes re­ publications of ancient texts, including Talmudic literature, the Bible, and works by Roman agronomists. The book includes a com­ prehensive glossary, helpful for deciphering the many Hebrew and Arabic terms used throughout the text. A flow chart of the olive oil extraction process and a chronology ofHoly Land historical periods and literary sources, both in Ayalon’s preface, provide essential in­ formation for periodic reference. The book is richly illustrated— with more illustrations than there are pages in the book—using black and white photographs, old prints and engravings, clear dia­ grams and sketches, and expertly drafted maps. Geographers and other spatially oriented readers will especially appreciate the de­ tailed map of all sites and regions mentioned in the text, provided at the end of the preface. This book will appeal to a much wider audience than might be expected from its narrowly focused title and theme. This history of the production of olive oil in Israel speaks to larger issues of technol­ ogy as a social construction, the conflict between continuity and change, and the preponderance and multiplicity of human inven­ tiveness, especially when the object of invention plays an essential role in the economic, cultural, and religious facets of daily life. Dale R. Lightfoot Dr. Lightfoot is associate professor of geography at Oklahoma State University. His research involves traditional agriculture and water technology, resource manage­ ment, and landscape change. He has worked in North America, Latin America, the Maghrib, and the Middle East. Cienáay Técnica en la Metropolización de América. ByJosé Sala Catalá. Madrid: Theatrum Machinas, 1994. Pp. 347; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. José Sala Catalá died on December 23, 1991, aged 37. An accom­ plished specialist in the history of science and technology, he fin­ ished and had this book ready for publication only a few days before his death. Sala Catalá focuses on the organization of space as one of the most TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 245 important traces of civilization. Intimately related to this we have scientific and technological development. The perception of time and space are naturally linked to urbanization. The distinctive ap­ proaches to astronomy, agriculture, geometry, engineering, archi­ tecture, the arts and religions in general, as well as to the social and political sciences, by different civilizations reflect different options of urban life. The characteristics of cities and of city life thus consti­ tute the imprints of civilizations. Consequently, the city is where we recognize the institutionalization of science. This was probably the main motivation for Sala Catalá to write this important and beautiful book. The book offers three case studies: Mexico; Lima, Peru; and Olinda/Recife, Brazil. Much of the analysis is focused on problems related to water. In addition, a prologue by Horacio Capel considers José Sala Catalá and his important contributions to the history of science, particularly through this book. The case study of Mexico focuses on the discussions surrounding the choice made by Hernán Cortes of a site for the capital of New Spain. The main problems faced by the colonizers were related to hydraulic conditions in the region, and these problems raised impor­ tant political considerations. The proposed solutions were strongly dependent on the work of indigenous peoples. Sala Catalá claims that “the control of the hydraulic system through a labor tribute, in proportion and intensityunknown in Europe, gives us an explana­ tion for the technical decision involved in establishing the capital” (p. 41). Frequent earthquakes complicated the problem..." @default.
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• W4366809930 title "Ciencia y Técnica en la Metropolización de América by José Sala Catalá" @default.
• W4366809930 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1997.0152" @default.
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