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- W4367368429 abstract "We report detailed observations of K-leaders and the activity between them with the three-dimensional Broadband Interferometeric Mapping and Polarization system (BIMAP-3D) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is found that K-leaders have a general propagation trend of initial acceleration and then gradual deceleration, and the corresponding very high frequency (VHF) radiation power is exponentially correlated with the leader speed. Based on the 3D development and simultaneous electric field change measurement, some simple K-leaders can be modeled with time-evolving point charges at the propagating leader tip and at the stationary origin. We found that the charge magnitude increases during the initial acceleration stage and stays relatively constant for the rest of the development. K-leaders are observed to interact with other branches and the branches affect the leader’s propagation speed and may affect the charge transfer. After the occurrence of a K-leader, VHF emissions are physically quenched for several milliseconds. VHF sources then reappear in an impulsive and scattered manner as “twinkling” and these sources are found not unique to the so-called needles, but also occurs on the main channel. These twinkling sources start near the apparent positive leader tip, and extend back towards the direction of the flash origin at about 105 m/s, while the apparent positive tip continues to extend forward at about 104 m/s. The twinkling extending towards the direction of flash origin appears to initiate the following K-leader, although it may be interrupted by a K-leader along a different branch, or simply die out without more K-leader activity." @default.
- W4367368429 created "2023-04-30" @default.
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- W4367368429 date "2023-04-29" @default.
- W4367368429 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4367368429 title "Insights into Lightning K-Leader Initiation and Development from Three Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Observations" @default.
- W4367368429 doi "https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168275995.55801872/v1" @default.
- W4367368429 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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