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• W4376543803 abstract "TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 177 during the Old Regime at the College of the Oratorian Fathers and the école d'hydrographie (school of navigation). (His brief remarks on the latter are probably of most interest to historians of technology.) A great benefit of this book is the detailed look at the scientific courses and the textbooks at the école céntrale. He gives, for example, detailed descriptions of courses, supplemented with biographies of professors, statistics on enrollment and attendance, extensive extracts from introductory lectures, and the complete syllabus of the mathematics course. He argues that there was, toward the end of the 18th century, a definite improvement in the quality of scientific instruction in France that was substantially accelerated during the Revolution and that the école céntrale at Nantes reflected the aspirations and needs of the mer­ cantile and business elites of this port. It was not imposed on unwilling and conservative provincials by the fiat ofa coterie ofadvanced Parisian intellectuals. Furthermore, science was valued for its intrinsically in­ tellectual value as much as for its utilitarian applications. Possibly attracted more by private business than government ser­ vice, engineering, or the military, few graduates of the school went on to the Ecole Polytechnique in spite of the excellence of the mathe­ matical instruction at the école céntrale. This runs counter to the view that the quality of mathematical instruction in postrevolutionary France was directly correlated to the need for preparing students for Polytechnique’s stringent, competitive entrance examinations. Lamand é also shows that the teaching of science in Nantes suffered little from the turmoil of the Revolution and reached new heights of excellence in a sympathetic and supportive context. Janis Langins Dr. Langins teaches at the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology at the University of Toronto. His research interests include the history of French technical education in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Pasteurization of France. By Bruno Latour. Translated by Alan Sheridan and John Law. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988. Pp. 273; notes, bibliography, index. $35.00. Discovering: Inventing and Solving Problems at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge. By Robert Scott Root-Bernstein. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989. Pp. xiv + 501; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $35.00. These two books have very little in common. Although both discuss Pasteur, notably Bruno Latour, Robert Root-Bernstein’s briefer treat­ ment is far more original. Both are in unconventional literary forms, at least by the professional standards of the disciplines involved. 178 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Root-Bernstein’s book is a purported discussion between six individ­ uals (hexalogue?). From internal evidence, five are Root-Bernstein himself and the sixth is probably meant to be his wife. The first part of the Latour book is supposedly a semiotic study of Pasteur on the basis of a content analysis of three French journals contemporaneous with the events discussed. The second part, avowedly Cartesian, is an attempt to give a rationalistic structure that is antireductionist. Finally, both authors intervene in the conceptual and historical discussions. While the autobiographical excursions are fascinating and enlighten­ ing about the two authors, for my taste they are simply superfluous to the issues. Latour’s book is the farthest from the concerns of history of technology. As to its second part, one can only feel sorry for Descartes for yet another example of what French intellectuals have inflicted on us in his name. The Pasteur treatment ends up in a very familiar mode to English-speaking historians. We learn of how Pasteur and various groups interacted, eventually forming a network of reinforc­ ing interests. Latour apparently does not realize that his confident generalizations from a single or even three periodicals require confirmation from additional, different sources. Although I am not persuaded by Root-Bernstein’s way of thinking nor by his conclusions, the book is very compelling in its passion and in its verve. Root-Bernstein cares deeply. In comparison, Latour is too consciously literary and philosophical to produce a sprawling, contra­ dictory, but fascinating hodgepodge. Root-Bernstein wants nothing less than to understand the act of discovering so that current deficiencies, as he sees them, are corrected..." @default.
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• W4376543803 date "1991-01-01" @default.
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• W4376543803 title "The Pasteurization of France by Bruno Latour, and: Discovering: Inventing and Solving Problems at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge by Robert Scott Root-Bernstein" @default.
• W4376543803 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1991.0179" @default.
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