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• W4376543981 abstract "TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 143 The Engineers: A History of the Engineering Profession in Britain, 1750— 1914. By R. A. Buchanan. London: Jessica Kingsley, 1989. Pp. 240; notes, appendix, bibliography, index. £25.00. In producing a pioneering study of the professional development of engineering in Britain, R. A. Buchanan has chosen to write a brief, useful introductory sketch, rather than attempting a more extended, definitive treatment. In his first chapter, the author discusses the scope of engineering history, and he attempts to get beyond the handful of famous engineers who dominate the historical literature to the hundreds of little-known figures who have contributed more, in the aggregate, than the few prominent leaders. His statistical analysis of biographical data on British engineers is helpful and insightful. The author’s coverage is quite broad. The story of the emergence and growth of the engineering profession (in chapters 2 and 3) is told in the context of the history of British engineering. While this contextual approach is a source of strength, the historical materials are of necessity sketchy and anecdotal and are dominated by a few heroic engineers, restoring the view that the author sought to avoid in his first chapter. However, many of the individuals discussed and incidents noted are well chosen and illuminating. A useful bibliogra­ phy includes data on twenty-two leading British engineering societies, as well as a valuable listing of the extensive secondary literature. Chapters 4—6 deal with the formation of new specialized societies, leading, in the author’s view, to an undesirable fragmentation of British engineering. In chapter 7, Buchanan discusses the rise and (in his view) regrettable decline of regional and local associations of engineers in modern times. The eighth chapter is a condensation of the author’s article “The Diaspora of British Engineering,” which appeared in Technology and Culture (vol. 27 [July 1986]: 501—24). Two of the most useful (and most disappointing) chapters are 9 and 10, which deal with engineering education and with the “Ideas and Beliefs of the Engineers.” The final chapter addresses 20th-century developments, relating them to the material in earlier chapters. Emphasizing the author’s brevity is the fact that he refers the reader to the secondary literature for some of the most important themes (although he does not totally neglect them). Thus, for the scientific and technological education of engineers in 19th-century Britain, Buchanan states, “There have been several studies ... so that it is not necessary to rehearse this theme here” (p. 161). The author fails to do justice to the important scientific achievements of British engineers. There is no mention of such important figures as Robert Willis or Oliver Heaviside (and many others). This deficiency is also a result of brevity, at least in part; the author has treated the scientific achievements of British engineers more effectively in a previous 144 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE paper, “The Rise of Scientific Engineering in Britain,” published in the British Journalfor the History of Science (July 1985, pp. 218—33). A more definitive social history would include a study of the culture of British engineering. But this book is useful and interesting, and it should provide future scholars in this field with a valuable point of departure. Edwin T. Layton, Jr. Dr. Layton is professor of the history of technology in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Minnesota. History ofHeat Transfer: Essays in Honor ofthe 50th Anniversary ofthe ASME Heat Transfer Division. Edited by Edwin T. Layton, Jr., and John H. Lienhard. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. Pp. viii + 260; illustrations, references. $40.00 (paper). The first law of thermodynamics establishes a relationship between heat and work and the second law of thermodynamics states that heat flows only from a hot body to a cold body and never in the reverse direction. However, thermodynamics is totally silent on the question of the rate at which heat travels. In order to design hardware that involves the transfer of heat from one place to another, engineers need to be able to predict rates of heat transfer per unit of surface area. Thus has the engineering science of heat transfer evolved during..." @default.
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• W4376543981 date "1991-01-01" @default.
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• W4376543981 title "The Engineers: A History of the Engineering Profession in Britain, 1750–1914 by R. A. Buchanan" @default.
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