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• W4376566098 abstract "Abstract Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has proved to be a technically and commercially successful methodology for recovering heavy-oil in Canada. At present, there are 22 commercial SAGD projects with over 300 pads and 2,700 well pairs, contributing to nearly 1.4 million bbl/day of production. The steam growth in the steam chamber could recover up to 60% of the oil-in-place by a typical SAGD project. However, some SAGD projects are only able to present less than 20% of the recovery factor, even though they have been producing for almost decades. Currently, the steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) for most SAGD projects ranges between 2 and 4 bbl steam/bbl oil. Nevertheless, some projects are still experiencing SOR of over 4 bbl/bbl due to the aggressive steam injection. Despite the efficacious evidence and enormous contribution to oil production, many questions regarding the current SAGD project performance are still rising. The process and execution are very complex and entail great operational excellence. The thermodynamic processes (heat transfer, wettability alteration), reservoir geology (thickness, vertical conformance, steam channelling), well designs (optimal placement of the pairs, well completions), and environmental concerns (GHG emission) are also limiting factors to be detrimental to SAGD performance. Some other techniques to recuperate heavy-oil and bitumen (e.g., co-injection)—in addition to the principal SAGD—have been insinuated and employed in the projects. The efforts only presented a 5–10% of success rate. This paper focuses on extensive evaluation and analysis of the ongoing SAGD projects over the last three decades in Canada and what would be the forthcoming potential of mature SAGD. Lessons learned and limitations from historical and current SAGD applications based on the evaluation of 22 commercial SAGD projects are presented. Success and failure stories were evaluated from geological, technical, environmental, and operational points of view. The reasons behind the successful applications of existing SAGD practices were listed. In the end, suggestions were made as to the proper design of new SAGD projects and future practices in the matured fields. Some new insights for the future of mature SAGD, including zero emission applications using solvents and reduced emission using steam additives, are also discussed. The conclusive analyses done and the recommendations made will lead to more efficient SAGD applications (new and matured) in Canada, also providing a useful road map for the other parts of the world." @default.
• W4376566098 created "2023-05-16" @default.
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• W4376566098 date "2023-05-15" @default.
• W4376566098 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W4376566098 title "What Did We Learn from SAGD Applications in Three Decades, and What is Next?" @default.
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• W4376566098 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/212970-ms" @default.
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