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• W4376643071 endingPage "582" @default.
• W4376643071 startingPage "569" @default.
• W4376643071 abstract "Mounting epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental exposures in early life have roles in diabetes susceptibility in later life. Additionally, environmentally induced diabetic susceptibility could be transmitted to subsequent generations. Epigenetic modifications provide a potential association with the environmental factors and altered gene expression that might cause disease phenotypes. Here, we bring the increasing evidence that environmental exposures early in development are linked to diabetes through epigenetic modifications. This review first summarizes the epigenetic targets, including metastable epialleles and imprinting genes, by which the environmental factors can modify the epigenome. Then we review the epigenetics changes in response to environmental challenge during critical developmental windows, gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal and postnatal period, with the specific example of diabetic susceptibility. Although the mechanisms are still largely unknown, especially in humans, the new research methods are now gradually available, and the animal models can provide more in-depth study of mechanisms. These have implications for investigating the link of the phenomena to human diabetes, providing a new perspective on environmentally triggered diabetes risk.越来越多的流行病学证据表明，生命早期的环境暴露与后期糖尿病易感性有关。此外，环境诱导的糖尿病易感性可遗传给后代。表观遗传修饰提供了与环境因素和可能导致疾病表型的基因表达改变的潜在关联。在本文中，我们梳理了越来越多的证据，表明发育早期的环境暴露与糖尿病通过表观遗传修饰相关。本文首先总结了环境因素通过亚稳态表等位基因和印记基因等表观遗传靶点来修饰表观基因组。然后，以糖尿病易感性为例，概述了表观遗传学在关键发育时间窗、配子发生、胚胎发生、胎儿期和出生后阶段响应环境挑战的变化。虽然其机制仍有很大部分未知，尤其是在人类中，但新的研究方法正在逐步出现，动物模型的策略可以实现对机制的更深入研究。这对研究这些现象与人类糖尿病之间的联系具有意义，为环境触发的糖尿病风险提供了一个新的视角。." @default.
• W4376643071 created "2023-05-17" @default.
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• W4376643071 creator A5024458968 @default.
• W4376643071 creator A5045411679 @default.
• W4376643071 date "2023-05-16" @default.
• W4376643071 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
• W4376643071 title "Developmental origins of diabetes mellitus: Environmental epigenomics and emerging patterns" @default.
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