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• W4377011644 abstract "Objectives: To analyze the reasons of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis on anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) by echocardiography. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients with ALCAPA who underwent surgical treatment in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2008 to December 2021 were included. According to the results of preoperative echocardiography and surgical diagnosis, the patients were divided into confirmed group or missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis group. The results of preoperative echocardiography were collected, and the specific echocardiographic signs were analyzed. According to the experience of the doctors, the echocardiographic signs were divided into four types, namely clear displayed, vague/doubtful displayed, no display and no notice, and the display rate of each sign was calculated (display rate=number of clearly displayed cases/total number of cases×100%). By referring the surgical data, we analyzed and recorded the pathological anatomy and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients, and the rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis of echocardiography in patients with different characteristics was compared. Results: A total of 21 patients were enrolled, including 11 males, aged 1.8 (0.8, 12.3) years (range 1 month to 47 years). Except for one patient with anomalous origin of left anterior descending artery, the others were all originated from the main left coronary artery (LCA). There were 13 cases of ALCAPA in infant and children, and 8 cases of adult ALCAPA. There were 15 cases in the confirmed group (diagnostic accuracy was 71.4% (15/21)), and 6 cases in the missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis group (three cases were misdiagnosed as primary endocardial fibroelastosis, two cases were misdiagnosed as coronary-pulmonary artery fistula; and one case was missed diagnosis). The working years of the physicians in the confirmed group were longer than those in the missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group ((12.8±5.6) years vs. (8.3±4.7) years, P=0.045). In infants with ALCAPA, the detection rate of LCA-pulmonary shunt (8/10 vs. 0, P=0.035) and coronary collateral circulation (7/10 vs. 0, P=0.042) in confirmed group was higher than that in missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group. In adult ALCAPA patients, the detection rate of LCA-pulmonary artery shunt was higher in confirmed group than that in missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group (4/5 vs. 0, P=0.021). The missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis rate of adult type was higher than that of infant type (3/8 vs. 3/13, P=0.410). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis was higher in patients with abnormal origin of branches than that of abnormal origin of main trunk (1/1 vs. 5/21, P=0.028). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis in patients with LCA running between the main and pulmonary arteries was higher than that distant from the main pulmonary artery septum (4/7 vs. 2/14, P=0.064). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension was higher than that in patients without severe pulmonary hypertension (2/3 vs. 4/18, P=0.184). The reasons with an echocardiography missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis rate of≥50% included that (1) the proximal segment of LCA ran between the main and pulmonary arteries; (2) abnormal opening of LCA at the right posterior part of the pulmonary artery; (3) abnormal origin of LCA branches; (4) complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions: Echocardiography physicians' knowledge of ALCAPA and diagnostic vigilance are critical to the accuracy of diagnosis. Attention should be paid to the pediatric cases with no obvious precipitating factors of left ventricular enlargement, regardless of whether the left ventricular function is normal or not, the origin of coronary artery should be routinely explored.目的： 分析左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉（ALCAPA）患者术前经胸超声心动图漏误诊原因。 方法： 该研究为回顾性研究，纳入2008年8月至2021年12月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院接受手术治疗的ALCAPA患者。对比术前超声心动图检查结果与手术诊断结果，将纳入患者分为超声确诊组和超声漏误诊组。收集纳入患者的术前超声心动图检查结果，分析并记录超声心动图特异性征象显示情况，根据医师个人经验，显示情况分为清楚显示、模糊/疑诊、未显示和未提及4种，计算各征象的显示率（显示率=清楚显示例数/总例数×100%）。通过查阅手术资料，分析并记录患者的病理解剖及病理生理特征，比较不同特征患者的超声漏误诊率。 结果： 共纳入21例患者，男性11例，年龄1.8（0.8，12.3）岁（范围1个月~47岁）。21例患者中除1例为左前降支异常起源外，其余均为左冠状动脉（LCA）主干异常起源；13例为婴儿型，8例为成人型。超声确诊组15例［诊断准确率为71.4%（15/21）］，超声漏误诊组6例（3例误诊为原发性心内膜弹力纤维增生症，2例误诊为冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘；1例漏诊ALCAPA）。超声确诊组检查医师的工作年限长于超声漏误诊组［（12.8±5.6）年比（8.3±4.7）年，P=0.045］。超声心动图特异性征象显示情况方面，在婴儿型ALCAPA患者中，超声确诊组对LCA-肺动脉分流（4/5比0，P=0.021）。成人型患者的漏误诊率高于婴儿型（3/8比3/13，P=0.410）。分支异常起源患者的漏误诊率高于主干异常起源（1/1比5/21，P=0.028）。LCA走行于主、肺动脉间患者的漏误诊率高于远离主肺动脉间隔走行者（4/7比2/14，P=0.064）。合并重度肺动脉高压患者的漏误诊率高于不合并重度肺动脉高压者（2/3比4/18，P=0.184）。超声漏误诊率≥50%的情况包括：（1）LCA近心段走行于主、肺动脉之间；（2）LCA异常开口于肺动脉右后部；（3）LCA分支异常起源；（4）合并重度肺高压。 结论： 超声科检查医师对ALCAPA病理解剖特征及病理生理的认识、诊断警惕性对超声诊断准确性至关重要。临床上应警惕无明显诱因出现左心室明显扩大的小儿病例，不论其左心室功能是否正常，均应常规探查冠状动脉起源。." @default.
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• W4377011644 date "2023-05-24" @default.
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• W4377011644 title "[Analysis on missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery by echocardiography from one single medical center]." @default.
• W4377011644 doi "https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220712-00541" @default.
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