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• W4377020009 abstract "The ban of menthol cigarettes is one of the key strategies to promote smoking cessation in the United States. Menthol cigarettes are preferred by young beginning smokers for smoking initiation. Almost 90% of African American smokers use menthol cigarettes, a result of decades-long targeted industry marketing. Several states and municipalities already banned menthol cigarettes, most recently California, effective on December 21, 2022. In the weeks before California's ban took effect, the tobacco industry introduced several non-menthol cigarette products in California, replacing previously mentholated brands. Here, we hypothesize that tobacco companies replaced menthol with synthetic cooling agents to create a cooling effect without using menthol. Similar to menthol, these agents activate the TRPM8 cold-menthol receptor in sensory neurons innervating the upper and lower airways.Calcium microfluorimetry in HEK293t cells expressing the TRPM8 cold/menthol receptors was used to determine sensory cooling activity of extracts prepared from these non-menthol cigarette brands, and compared to standard menthol cigarette extracts of the same brands. Specificity of receptor activity was validated using TRPM8-selective inhibitor, AMTB. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used to determine presence and amounts of any flavoring chemicals, including synthetic cooling agents, in the tobacco rods, wrapping paper, filters and crushable capsule (if present) of these non-menthol cigarettes.Compared to equivalent menthol cigarette extracts, several California-marketed non-menthol cigarette extracts activated cold/menthol receptor TRPM8 at higher dilutions and with stronger efficacies, indicating substantial pharmacological activity to elicit robust cooling sensations. Synthetic cooling agent, WS-3, was detected in tobacco rods of several of these non-menthol cigarette brands. Crushable capsules added to certain non-menthol crush varieties contained neither WS-3 nor menthol but included several sweet flavorant chemicals, including vanillin, ethyl vanillin and anethole.Tobacco companies have replaced menthol with the synthetic cooling agent, WS-3, in California-marketed non-menthol cigarettes. WS-3 creates a cooling sensation similar to menthol, but lacks menthol's characteristic minty odor. The measured WS-3 content is sufficient to elicit cooling sensations in smokers, similar to menthol, that facilitate smoking initiation and act as a reinforcing cue. Regulators need to act quickly to prevent the tobacco industry from bypassing menthol bans by substituting menthol with synthetic cooling agents, and thereby thwarting smoking cessation efforts." @default.
• W4377020009 created "2023-05-19" @default.
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• W4377020009 date "2023-05-18" @default.
• W4377020009 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W4377020009 title "Synthetic Cooling Agent and Candy Flavors in California-marketed “non-Menthol” Cigarettes" @default.
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• W4377020009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.15.540890" @default.
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