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- W4377027992 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are both photochemical pollutants harmful to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, measurements of O<sub>3</sub> and PAN as well as their precursors were conducted from May to July 2019 at Nam Co station (NMC), a highly pristine high-altitude site in the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), to investigate how distinct transport processes and photochemistry contributed to their variations. Results revealed that, despite highly similar diurnal variations with steep morning rises and flat daytime plateaus that were caused by boundary layer development and downmixing of free tropospheric air, day to day variations in O<sub>3</sub> and PAN were in fact controlled by distinct physiochemical processes. During the dry spring season, airmasses rich in O<sub>3</sub> were associated with high altitude westerly airmasses that entered the TP from the west or the south, which frequently carried high loadings of stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> to NMC. During the summer monsoon season, a northward shift of the subtropical jet stream shifted the stratospheric downward entrainment pathway also to the north, leading to direct stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> entrainment into the troposphere of the northern TP, which travelled southwards to NMC within low altitudes via northerly winds in front of ridges or closed high pressures over the TP. Westerly and southerly airmasses, however, revealed low O<sub>3</sub> levels due to the overall less stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> within the troposphere of low latitude regions. PAN, however, was only rich in westerly or southerly airmasses that crossed over polluted regions such as Northern India, Nepal or Bangladesh before entering the TP and arriving at NMC from the south during both spring and summer. Overall, the O<sub>3</sub> level at NMC was mostly determined by stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), which explained 77 % and 88 % of the observed O<sub>3</sub> concentration in spring and summer, respectively. However, only 0.1 % of the springtime day-to-day O<sub>3</sub> variability could by STE processes, while 22 % was explained during summertime. Positive net photochemical formation was estimated for both O<sub>3</sub> and PAN based on observation-constrained box modelling. Near surface photochemical formation could not explain the high O<sub>3</sub> level observed at NMC and was also not the factor determining the day-to-day variability of O<sub>3</sub>, however, it captured events with elevated PAN concentrations and was able to explain its diurnal variations. Both O<sub>3</sub> and PAN formation were highly sensitive to NO<sub>x</sub> levels, with PAN being also quite sensitive to VOCs concentrations. Under the rapid development of transportation network and the urbanization inside the TP, increased emissions and loadings in NO<sub>x</sub> and VOCs might lead to strongly enhanced O<sub>3</sub> and PAN formation in downwind pristine regions, which should be paid more attention in the future." @default.
- W4377027992 created "2023-05-19" @default.
- W4377027992 creator A5035027293 @default.
- W4377027992 date "2023-05-18" @default.
- W4377027992 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4377027992 title "Reply on RC1" @default.
- W4377027992 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-182-ac1" @default.
- W4377027992 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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