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• W4377203493 abstract "Queering Material Nature:Bewitched Bodies and the Limits of the Enlightenment Melissa Sheedy The notions of less abstract natures, as man, dog, dove, … do not deceive us materially, yet even these are sometimes confused by the mutability of matter and the intermixture of things.1 The old woman would at one moment be stroking the little dog, at the next talking to the bird … As I regarded her, I began to shudder, for her face twitched the whole time and she kept shaking, … so that I could not tell what she really looked like.2 From Goethe's grimoires to Lessing's lessons, the literatures and philosophies of the eighteenth century mark many turning points in the discursive and material relationships between humankind and nonhuman nature. A renegotiation of the boundaries between observation and intuition, these discourses articulate a gendered natural world that is at once static, vulnerable, and ripe for the intellectual plucking, while also dynamic, incomprehensible, and unexpected. From the Man of Reason's dominion over the landscape3 to Kant's claim that, for the entirety of the fair sex, the step into Enlightened maturity is both too onerous and too dangerous,4 the bifurcation of a feminized nature at odds with a rational masculine civilization is predicated on long-standing culturally codified norms. Despite these pervasive binaries, the literature of this period is alive with queerly material oddities and marvelous bodies, embodied within the transgressive figure of the witch or witch-like woman. To engage with these mercurial materialities, I propose a queer ecocritical framework that explores depictions of the natural world as a subversive, agential force that resists perception and control. One example of this resistance can be found in Ludwig Tieck's Der Blonde Eckbert (Eckbert the Fair), which, I argue, queers Enlightenment epistemes by exploring taboo relationships and desires, unruly nature, and unexpected, transgressive bodies. Reading Tieck's 1797 novella through a queer ecocritical lens sheds light on our understanding of the human and more than human and reveals new potential for transgressing and transcending heteropatriarchal norms. Given the gendered and, at times, contradictory conceptions of nature and the natural world within Enlightenment discourses, feminist material ecocriticism provides a fruitful lens through which to consider binary structures such as culture/nature, reason/emotion, conqueror/conquered, and [End Page 155] heteronormative/queer, all of which relate by analogy to the overarching male/female dichotomy.5 Within this framework, the recent material turn6 in ecocritical and environmental scholarship comprises an interdisciplinary set of approaches toward matter and material nature that foregrounds nonhuman agency and decenters the human subject.7 It seeks to deconstruct the conventional gendered nature/culture dichotomy that conceptualizes the natural world as an entity oppressed, exploited, and feminized, thus posing a direct challenge to the patriarchal view of the conquests of (male) human reason.8 This perspective acknowledges nature as an omnipresent force with fluid boundaries and recognizes the political voice of the more-than-human realm. Through this conception of nature as a network of interactive matter in possession of intentionality and agency, material feminism repositions and redefines the key players in the traditionally reinforced nature-culture hierarchy. In their deconstruction of heteropatriarchal hegemonies, critical discourses in material feminism and queer theories can be brought into conversation with one another. Coined in 1991 by Teresa de Lauretis,9 queer theory encompasses a paradigm of approaches with the goal of acknowledging and making space for a variety of positionalities with respect not only to sexuality, but also race, gender, and age. In the sense of transgressing and transcending heteronormative structures and histories,10 queering has vital implications for environmentalism and ecocritical studies. On the one hand, queer theory challenges the idea of a sexually normative nature rooted in biologically sanctioned reproduction,11 but it also comprises a discursive troubling of these pervasive dichotomies. Like feminist ecocritical approaches, it offers a means to deconstruct the gendered depictions of the more-than-human realm and acknowledge a natural world with a range of enacted identities and bodies that do not fit into the patriarchal world order. As Sue-Ellen Case suggests, queer theory works not at the site of gender..." @default.
• W4377203493 created "2023-05-22" @default.
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• W4377203493 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4377203493 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W4377203493 title "Queering Material Nature: Bewitched Bodies and the Limits of the Enlightenment" @default.
• W4377203493 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/gyr.2023.0015" @default.
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