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- W4377223799 abstract "Abstract This chapter reviews the historical development of the Korean welfare state, with particular attention to Korea’s export-oriented industrialization (EOI) under the developmental state period of the 1960s and 1970s. Although EOI’s success has helped make Korea one of the world’s fully functioning wealthy democracies, the EOI approach’s sensitivity to rising labor costs also has created unfavorable conditions for welfare-state building. To avoid hampering international competitiveness, the state and business have tried to keep labor costs low by suppressing the labor movement, postponing the introduction of social security programs, and limiting coverage and benefits to minimum levels when they eventually had to be introduced. The state also devised a low-tax regime to increase disposable income, which helped relieve workers’ demands for higher wages and social welfare. Since democratization in the mid-1980s, the Korean welfare state has been growing from a very low baseline and on an unfavorable institutional template carved by the past developmental state. Enterprise unions’ parochial and myopic distributive demands were satisfied by affluent big business, and this in turn erased organized labor’s practical incentives to demand social welfare. Under simple plurality electoral rules, politicians as district representatives do not fully commit themselves to nationwide welfare programs. Presidents and presidential hopefuls’ pro-welfare initiatives are often constrained by unpopular tax-increase issues because they are worried about losing everything under the winner-takes-all system. Korea is likely to remain a small welfare state despite its status as a fully functioning industrialized democracy." @default.
- W4377223799 created "2023-05-23" @default.
- W4377223799 creator A5065979041 @default.
- W4377223799 date "2023-05-22" @default.
- W4377223799 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4377223799 title "The Developmental State, Export-Oriented Industrialization, and South Korea’s Social Security System" @default.
- W4377223799 cites W3019224161 @default.
- W4377223799 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190916329.013.27" @default.
- W4377223799 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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