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• W4377693846 abstract "512 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE the European Middle Ages was a marvelous period of technological experimentation. Holt should recognize the ingenuity not only of those people who concocted the post mill and struggled with the means to achieve its proper foundation but also of others whose efforts in the technology of milling made significant contributions. These remarks are only qualifications for a work well done. If the author has sometimes overstated his case without regard for circum­ stantial developments, it is because he wishes to maintain the tightness of his arguments. The Mills of Medieval England is a superlative piece of scholarship. John Muendel Dr. Muendel is a lecturer at Lakeland College. His research and writing involve the technology of medieval Tuscany. The Other Economy: Pastoral Husbandry on a Medieval Estate. By Kath­ leen Biddick. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. xvii + 230; figures, tables, notes, appendixes, bibliography, in­ dex. $30.00. Kathleen Biddick’s The Other Economy is an in-depth study of the estates of Peterborough Abbey from the Anglo-Saxon period to the early 14th century. Biddick concentrates her efforts not on the great open fields of the abbey but on its pastoral activity. In doing so, she changes forever the way historians will have to deal with agrarian lordship. Her study clearly shows that cereal agriculture, which has been the focus of most of the work on the manorial economy, cannot be understood separate from pastoral production. Her work casts doubt on the commonplace notion that large estates in the High Mid­ dle Ages were simply grain factories organized to generate cash. In­ stead, by taking into account Peterborough’s pastoral agriculture, Bid­ dick shows that household consumption was the driving force behind production and exchange. Her statistics, taken from the account rolls of the abbey, prove that a large portion of the cereal produced by the abbey went either to feed the monks or to feed the animals they used for hauling, for meat, or for traction. The cash raised from the grain sales made on a few of the abbey’s manors was almost completely offset by the monastery’s purchase offeed for other ofits estates. Biddick also shows that the abbey expended considerable cash to improve its grain harvest by utilizing technological innovations or by purchasing labor to manure and weed its fields, but that the greater yields were pumped back into the abbey’s kitchens or its livestock. In creating her argument, the author makes a number of other important, indeed revolutionary, suggestions. She shows, for example, that the raising of legumes was motivated not by the hope of soil improvement or by the desire to provide the dependent peasantry with TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 513 a cheap source of food but by the need to feed the swine eaten by Peterborough’s monks. She calculates the expenses incurred by the abbey for horse transportation and finds that, because of the huge amount of oats consumed by these animals, this form of haulage was prohibitively expensive. She has also uncovered the intricate and so­ phisticated methods used by large-scale landlords to breed, raise, and cull cattle. All of these discoveries make Biddick’s book an important one. It is not, however, a book without difficulties. The arcane vocabulary of the medieval manorial economy, with its “hoggs,” “affers,” “vif-gage,” and “full-virgaters,” can be tough going at the best of times, but in Biddick’s work this terminology is unhappily combined with the equally taxing jargon of “inputs” and “intermanorial transfers.” The two together make for a difficult read. And the portion of her book dealing with the early history of the abbey is problematic both because of her handling of the evidence (with which she is obviously less comfortable than with the manorial accounts of the 14th century) and because of her interpretation of this evidence. She speaks, for example, of secular lords’ attempts in the 9th century to deflect “sacral power from the monasteries,” but her single piece of evidence for this bold assertion comes from the mid-llth century (p. 13 and n. 20). She compares population figures from Domesday Book with those found in..." @default.
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• W4377693846 date "1990-07-01" @default.
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• W4377693846 title "The Other Economy: Pastoral Husbandry on a Medieval Estate by Kathleen Biddick" @default.
• W4377693846 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1990.0017" @default.
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