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• W4377695250 abstract "Research Note NAZI “COORDINATION” OF TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF THE BAVARIAN POLYTECHNICAL SOCIETY DONALD E. THOMAS, JR. In recent years a number of studies have dealt with the fate of technology and the engineering profession under National Socialism. The most exhaustive of these works is Karl-Heinz Ludwig’s Technik und Ingenieure im Dritten Reich, which examines, among other things, the Nazi “coordination” {Gleichschaltung}' of professional engineering societies and the cooperation of engineers with both peacetime and wartime policies of the Third Reich.2 While Ludwig has studied the process of coordination on the national level, it may be of interest to test his results on the local level by looking at one of Germany’s Dr. Thomas is professor of history at the Virginia Military Institute arid author of Diesel: Technology and Society in Industrial Germany (University, Ala., 1987). He thanks Dr. Michael Davidis, now of the Landesmuseum fur Technik und Arbeit, Mannheim, for suggesting research on the coordination of the Polytechnical Society, and the staff of the Deutsches Museum, Munich, who aided his research, especially Frau Margret Nida-Rümelin of the Research Institute, Dr. Rudolf Heinrich of the Special Collections Department, and Frau Zdenka Hlava of the Public Relations Office. He is further indebted to the VM1 Research Committee for financial assistance, to Dr. Paul Wilson of Fairfield, Virginia, and to the Technology and Culture referees for their insightful comments. 'Gleichschaltung was the Nazi expression for the destruction of independent political, social, economic, or other institutions and their incorporation into Nazi-controlled front organizations. Interestingly enough, it was originally “an engineering term meaning ‘putting into the same gear’ ” (Cordon Craig, The Germans [New York, 1982], p. 326). Tarl-I Icinz Ludwig, Technik und Ingenieure im Dritten Reich (Düsseldorf, 1974). Ludwig has also discussed the history of the German Engineers’ Association (VDI) under the Nazis in two essays: “Der VDI als Gegenstand cler Parteipolitik 1933 bis 1945,” and “Vereinsarbeit im Dritten Reich 1933-1945,” in Karl-Heinz Ludwig and Wolfgang Kônig, eds., Technik, Ingenieure und Gesellschaft: Geschichte des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure 1856-1981 (Düsseldorf, 1981), pp. 407-54. Two other works that deal in part with engineers and the Nazis are Gerd Hortleder’s book on the VDI, Das Gesellschaftsbild des Ingénieurs: Zum politischen Verhalten der Technischen Intelligent in Deutschland (Frankfurt am Main, 1970); and Jeffrey Herf's Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture, and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich (Cambridge, 1984).© 1990 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/90/3102-0003$01.00 251 252 Donald E. Thomas, Jr. foremost regional technical organizations, the Bavarian Polytechnical Society (Polytechnischer Verein in Bayern). The Polytechnical Society was not strictly speaking a professional engineering organization, but many of its members were engineers, and a number of its objectives, such as furthering technological development and advising in patent matters, were similar to those of engineering groups. The fate of the Polytechnical Society is an instructive example of Nazi policy toward local technological organizations and the response of such organiza­ tions to dictatorial control. According to Ludwig, the attitude of professional engineering societies to the Nazi takeover in 1933 was one of accommodation. In return for being allowed to maintain their professional identities and independence, groups such as the German Engineers’ Association (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, or VDI) were willing to vote Nazis onto their governing boards and to give verbal backing to Nazi ideas such as the “fiihrer” principle. The professional organizations were able to avoid further Nazi coordination in 1933—34, partly because the Nazis themselves had not developed a firm plan for such a takeover and also because the Nazi bureaucrats fought among them­ selves for control of the engineers. The Nazi economic theorist Gottfried Feder, who was himself a civil engineer, wished to include engineers in an anticapitalist technologi­ cal front. Feder’s ideas were too radical for a regime trying to win the confidence of industrialists and engineers for the upcoming rearma­ ment program. He was finally removed from his offices in late 1934. In late 1933, Robert Ley, head of the German Labor Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront), also tried to assume control of German technological organizations. His..." @default.
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• W4377695250 date "1990-04-01" @default.
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• W4377695250 title "Nazi “Coordination” of Technology: The Case of the Bavarian Polytechnical Society" @default.
• W4377695250 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1990.0049" @default.
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