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• W4377724772 abstract "Traditional disease control strategies in carciniculture have employed antibiotics and chemical disinfectants. However, these practices are no longer recommended due to the development of bacterial resistance and the potential long-term effects of antibiotic residues in the environment. Given the current health situation experienced in the Pacific white shrimp production chain, increased immunity and resistance to disease have become very important for the continued and sustainable growth of the shrimp farming industry. Therefore, the use of immunostimulants has also become an important ecological approach to controlling disease and improving production in aquaculture. This review describes the use of natural immunostimulants to prevent diseases and amplify the specific immune response in vivo studies, such as immersion of the animals in seawater containing plant-derived products (22.95%), ventral injection (19.67%), supplementation of the diet (57.38%), enrichment of live food (3.28%), and coculture of shrimp, and seaweed (1.64%), in addition to in vitro tests (6.56%). The use of seaweeds and their metabolites represents 55.74% of the research with immunostimulants, against 39.34% of the use of higher plants, and only 4.92% with the use of cyanobacteria. Among all the natural products described, 44.26% can be obtained commercially. Vibrio species used in vivo and in vitro testing are V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi. Research with natural products in immune response and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei by immunostimulation generally assesses animals for zootechnical, hemato-immunological, and genetic parameters for validation of the test product. The most used algal genera are Gracilaria and Sargassum. Among the cyanobacteria, promising results are shown with the genus Spirulina. The plants used as natural immunostimulants include species from families such as Meliaceae, Quillajaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Araliaceae, Apiaceae, Campanulaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Asparagaceae, Liliaceae, and Myrtaceae. Currently, plant extracts and derivatives are strongly recommended in the global market for large-scale use in aquaculture, given the limitations and impacts on antibiotic use." @default.
• W4377724772 created "2023-05-24" @default.
• W4377724772 creator A5005135453 @default.
• W4377724772 creator A5042078199 @default.
• W4377724772 creator A5083319137 @default.
• W4377724772 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4377724772 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W4377724772 title "Immunostimulants derived from plants and algae to increase resistance of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against vibriosis" @default.
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