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- W4378446051 abstract "Recent publications in scientific but as well non-scientific journals and magazines have raised the question of potential hazardous emissions from copiers and printers during its life-cycle. In this contribution the key environmental aspects of modern dry toners are compiled. Particular emphasis is given to the requirements as described in the various application families of the German Blue Angel eco-label (Blauer Engel www.blauerengel.de, English and German information are available). This label was established in 1978 as the oldest so-called third-party voluntary “Seal of Approval” distinguishing environmentally improved products from ordinary ones. Since the amendment in January / February 2004 not only the use of heavy metals, azodyes and other hazardous substances as evidenced by negative AMES test in toner are prohibited, but also maximum limits for emissions from toner have been defined for the first time. Maximum emission levels were established for volatile organic compounds, such as, in particular, benzene and styrene, for ozone and for dust. New stricter environmental requirements will be applied with the next amendment expected for the beginning of 2007.The exact requirements, test procedures and protocols for toner producers and raw material suppliers will be described in this contribution. The impact of these environmental questions on toner formulation and raw material selection will be described for several cases with particular emphasis on cyclic olefin copolymers a new, eco-friendly class hydrocarbon toner binder resins." @default.
- W4378446051 created "2023-05-27" @default.
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- W4378446051 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W4378446051 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4378446051 title "Environmental and Regulatory Aspects of Dry Toners" @default.
- W4378446051 doi "https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2006.22.1.art00048_2" @default.
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