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- W4378469718 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> Headwater streams are important sources of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The magnitude of gas emissions originating from such streams, however, is modulated by the characteristic microtopography of the river bed, which might promote the spatial heterogeneity of turbulence and air entrainment. In particular, recent studies have revealed that step-and-pools, usually found in close sequences along mountain streams, are important hotspots of gas evasion. Yet, the mechanisms that drive gas transfer at the water-air interface in a step and pool configuration are not fully understood. Here, we numerically simulated the hydrodynamics of an artificial step-and-pool configuration to evaluate the contribution of turbulence and air entrainment to the total gas evasion induced by the falling jet. The simulation was validated using observed hydraulic features (stage, velocity) and was then utilized to determine the patterns of energy dissipation, turbulence-induced gas exchange, and bubble-mediated transport. The results show that gas evasion is led by bubble entrainment and is mostly concentrated in a small and irregular region of a few dm<sup>2</sup> near the cascade, where the local gas transfer velocity, <em>k</em>, peaks at 500 md<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced spatial heterogeneity of <em>k</em> in the pool does not allow one to define <em>a priori</em> the region of the domain where the outgassing takes place, and makes the value of the spatial mean of <em>k </em>inevitably scale-dependent. Accordingly, we propose that the average mass transfer velocity could not be a meaningful metric to describe the outgassing in spatially heterogeneous flow fields, such as encountered in step-and-pool rivers." @default.
- W4378469718 created "2023-05-27" @default.
- W4378469718 creator A5088322947 @default.
- W4378469718 date "2023-05-26" @default.
- W4378469718 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4378469718 title "Reply on RC1" @default.
- W4378469718 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-68-ac1" @default.
- W4378469718 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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