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- W4378651364 abstract "Labor results in significant pain for many women that is individualized, dynamic, and unpredictable. Although the effects of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia on the fetus and neonate are typically benign, there is potential for adverse neonatal effects. During pregnancy and labor women undergo fundamental changes in anatomy and physiology that affect all organ systems, significantly alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to many drugs commonly used in anesthesia, and have important implications for anesthetic administration. Opioids are commonly used for labor analgesia, but are administered with limitations on both dose and timing because they readily cross the placenta and are associated with a risk of neonatal respiratory depression in a dose-dependent fashion. Inhaled nitrous oxide can provide limited labor analgesia and is safe for the neonate. Neuraxial analgesia (epidural or spinal) is widely used and the most effective method for labor analgesia. Epidural labor analgesia is a catheter-based technique that provides continuous analgesia during labor with administration of medication into the epidural space. Neuraxial analgesia does not affect the length of the first stage of labor or increase the risk for cesarean delivery, and with use of more current techniques is no longer associated with an increased use of instrumented vaginal delivery (forceps or vacuum). For the patient without an epidural catheter, spinal anesthesia is the most common anesthetic technique used for cesarean delivery. Use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery is typically reserved for situations where neuraxial anesthesia is contraindicated or emergent delivery is needed." @default.
- W4378651364 created "2023-05-30" @default.
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- W4378651364 date "2024-01-01" @default.
- W4378651364 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4378651364 title "Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia" @default.
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- W4378651364 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-82823-9.00014-3" @default.
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