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- W4378772008 abstract "Mora de Castilla has been propagated commercially by vegetative cuttings. In Colombia and Ecuador, propagation methods include cuttings, live stakes, tip layering, runners, rhizomes, and in vitro culture. Plant breeders utilize seeds of wild Rubus species to establish new features and improve cultivars. Rubus glaucus Benth. seed exhibits exogenous dormancy. It is caused by embryo growth restriction due to seed-coat excessive hardness, impermeability, or the occurrence of chemical inhibitors. R. glaucus requires seed pre-germination treatments, such as mechanical or chemical scarification. Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction without fertilization, where genetically identical seeds and embryos are produced. R. glaucus produces seeds by apomixis; thus, it is a facultative apomictic plant. Tip layering is the easiest and most effective propagation method for Mora de Castilla. Stakes are not commonly used for Mora de Castilla propagation. In vitro propagation has used axillary buds or nodal as explants coupled with a culture medium in addition to plant growth regulators. R. glaucus vegetative or sexual propagation are key aspects for growth and establishment. Mora de Castilla cultivation requires the selection of a suitable field, and appropriate climatic conditions and soil analysis should be conducted 1 or 2 months before sowing. Optimum conditions for Mora de Castilla cultivation require altitudes between 1800 and 2400 m above sea level, about 70–80% relative humidity, 11–18 °C mean annual temperature, and 1500–2500 mm of mean annual precipitation. Different types of tutoring systems are applied for R. glaucus cultivation. Plant cultivation distance between plants can vary from 1.5 to 3.5 m and between rows from 2.5 to 4 m. Mora de Castilla fertilization is centered on the nutritional needs, demand, and phenology that are key to growing fruits with best quality physical and chemical features. A foliar analysis is important to obtain adequate levels of minor and major elements. Biofertilizers stimulate root growth in R. glaucus. Pruning is an important management practice that increases the number of floral and vegetative buds that grow on a plant. Different types of pruning techniques have been applied to Mora de Castilla plants. R. glaucus cultivation must involve the conservation of nearby forests with feasible measures." @default.
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- W4378772008 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4378772008 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4378772008 title "Propagation and Cultivation" @default.
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- W4378772008 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31750-7_5" @default.
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