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• W4379114926 abstract "Medical congresses rapidly shifted to innovative virtual and hybrid formats in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This year the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Congress has chosen to shift back to onsite-only participation during the congress. It is not yet clear whether the American College of Rheumatology Convergence will also restrict live digital participation. These decisions are being made at a time when climate change threatens to undo decades of progress in global health and reduction of poverty, and urgent cuts in greenhouse gas emissions are needed. Although onsite conferencing provides valuable networking possibilities, it has obvious downsides. Onsite participation is carbon intensive and contributes to climate change, and the high costs of travel and accommodation preclude attendance by many potential participants. In this Comment, we advocate for rheumatology congresses to promote and facilitate live digital participation in the years to come. According to the WHO, climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity.1WHOCOP26 special report on climate change and health.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240036727Date: 2021Date accessed: April 26, 2023Google Scholar The science is clear; human damage to nature and the climate is causing disease, injury, and death. To avoid catastrophic health impacts and prevent millions of deaths, immediate and substantial reductions of greenhouse gas emissions must be made across all sectors. Unfortunately, as the latest UN climate report shows, the world is not on track to secure a liveable future, as emissions are at a record high and are still increasing.2Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSixth assessment report. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability.https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/Date accessed: April 8, 2023Google Scholar Health scientists all over the world recognise the climate crisis as a health crisis and, in 2021, more than 200 health journals simultaneously published an article calling for climate action.3Atwoli L Baqui AH Benfield T et al.Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health.Lancet. 2021; 398: 939-941Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar In addition to a call for governments and other leaders to act, the article states that: “As health professionals, we must do all we can to aid the transition to a sustainable, fairer, resilient and healthier world. Alongside acting to reduce the harm from the environmental crisis, we should proactively contribute to global prevention of further damage and action on the root causes of the crisis.”3Atwoli L Baqui AH Benfield T et al.Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health.Lancet. 2021; 398: 939-941Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar Several studies have documented substantial carbon emissions caused by international conferences, leading to requests for action within academic communities for more sustainable conferencing in the era of climate crisis.4Leochico CFD Giusto MLD Mitre R Impact of scientific conferences on climate change and how to make them eco-friendly and inclusive: a scoping review.J Clim Change Health. 2021; 4100042Google Scholar EULAR attracts over 18 000 participants from more than 130 countries. If we assume that 15 000 delegates travel 2·5 h by plane to the congress, the estimated carbon footprint is 7000 metric tons of CO2 from travelling and hotel stays alone.5Klimatsmart Semesterhttps://klimatsmartsemester.se/omDate: 2023Date accessed: April 26, 2023Google Scholar This carbon footprint equates to 3 513 011 kilograms of coal burned, or the carbon sequestered by 115 746 tree seedlings grown for 10 years.6US Environmental Protection AgencyGreenhouse gas equivalencies calculator.https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator#resultsDate: April 2023Date accessed: April 26, 2023Google Scholar According to a 2021 study, transition from an onsite to a virtual conference can reduce the carbon footprint by 94%.7Tao Y Steckel D Klemeš JJ You F Trend towards virtual and hybrid conferences may be an effective climate change mitigation strategy.Nat Commun. 2021; 127324Crossref Scopus (28) Google Scholar The same study estimated that with a hybrid congress it is possible to maintain more than 50% of in-person participation and reduce the carbon footprint by two-thirds.7Tao Y Steckel D Klemeš JJ You F Trend towards virtual and hybrid conferences may be an effective climate change mitigation strategy.Nat Commun. 2021; 127324Crossref Scopus (28) Google Scholar Conference travel costs represent a crucial issue for many patient-research partners, health professionals, and scientists from low-income and middle-income countries. As a result, attendees from these countries are under-represented at international health conferences.8Velin L Lartigue JW Johnson SA et al.Conference equity in global health: a systematic review of factors impacting LMIC representation at global health conferences.BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6e003455Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar In addition, social constraints and a lack of accessibility hinder participation by under-represented groups, including people with disabilities and those with caring or work responsibilities that might not allow for travel.9Yates J Kadiyala S Li Y et al.Can virtual events achieve co-benefits for climate, participation, and satisfaction? Comparative evidence from five international Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week conferences.Lancet Planet Health. 2022; 6: e164-e170Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar A study using data from five annual international conferences from 2016–20 showed that transitioning to a digital format from an in-person format increased attendance without a major change in the participants' ratings of the event.9Yates J Kadiyala S Li Y et al.Can virtual events achieve co-benefits for climate, participation, and satisfaction? Comparative evidence from five international Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week conferences.Lancet Planet Health. 2022; 6: e164-e170Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar The number of countries participating in the EULAR congress increased from 120 countries in 2019 (onsite congress) to 138 in 2020 (virtual congress), and the number of attendants increased from 14 529 to 18 753.10EULARPartnership and investment: key figures.https://congress.eular.org/previous_congresses.cfmDate: 2022Date accessed: April 26, 2023Google Scholar Rheumatology congresses are important platforms for scientific, educational, and social exchanges between professionals. Meeting virtually cannot fully replace face-to-face networking. However, the benefits of attending a congress in person should be balanced against both the carbon and financial costs. For some delegates, the value of face-to-face interactions will outweigh the costs to the climate and economy. Others will consider these costs too high but might still want to take part as virtual delegates. In a 2021 survey among Nature readers, 74% of the 900 respondents wanted virtual or hybrid conferences to continue after the pandemic.11Remmel A Scientists want virtual meetings to stay after the COVID pandemic.Nature. 2021; 591: 185-186Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar The main reasons for preferring virtual conferences were accessibility, lowering of carbon footprint, and costs.11Remmel A Scientists want virtual meetings to stay after the COVID pandemic.Nature. 2021; 591: 185-186Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar Even though live digital participation will not be facilitated during the EULAR congress, some digital opportunities will be retained. The congress will live stream the top four sessions on YouTube, and recorded scientific sessions will be available on demand after the congress is over. EULAR has also taken steps to reduce the ecological impact of the onsite event, such as not distributing printed material and selecting sustainable-practices venues. However, the main source of carbon emissions associated with the congress is air travel. EULAR has issued a statement regarding their choice of returning to onsite-only participation. On-demand access can be a valuable tool for those unable to attend the congress; however, live digital participation has the potential to provide a much more comprehensive experience. During the pandemic, EULAR developed an excellent online congress, with more than 100 live scientific sessions and a range of interactive sessions including poster tours, poster view presentations, practical skills, problem solving, debates, and ‘meet the professors’ sessions. The digital congress venue even had a separate virtual room for networking. None of these opportunities will be available this year. Furthermore, researchers who are unable to travel will no longer have the opportunity to present their research. In the era of social media, the lack of opportunities for live digital participation also makes it challenging for EULAR delegates not attending the congress physically to participate in scientific discussions; for example on Twitter. Taken together, these factors will make it difficult for many EULAR attendees to prioritise the climate when deciding how to register for the congress. EULAR express a wish to reduce its carbon footprint and to make research accessible to everyone. We believe that the most effective way to achieve these goals is to retain and further develop the possibilities of digital participation at the congress. Future congresses should also highlight opportunities to participate digitally from the outset of the registration process. The rheumatology community should take action to combat climate change and equity challenges, and we urge that sustainability should be prioritised when planning congresses in years to come. JV has received personal honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Boehringer Ingelheim and consulting fees from Jupiter Life Science and Novartis. All other authors declare no competing interests." @default.
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• W4379114926 title "Rheumatology congresses post COVID-19: we cannot regress" @default.
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