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• W4379421390 abstract "786 SEER, 83, 4, 2005 sensitiveto the possibilityof being consideredserfs a statuswith which their grandparents had been all too familiar' (p. I76). Verdery associates such observationswith the rarityamong hervillagersof statementsthat they 'have' (avea) or 'possess'(poseda) 'property'(proprietate) in favourof theirbeing 'master' (stdpdn) of 'land' (pamant).This leads her to a social concept of a 'visible economy' in which, for example, a field of well-weeded crops or bursting granarieswould be valued more highly than their money equivalent. Forthe economist used to Veblen's 'conspicuous consumption', the parallel is Polanyi's 'conspicuous production'. Stalin'splans of that form, targeting the manufactureof physical quantitiesof goods with scant concern for economy of inputsor usesfor outputs,may thusbe evidence of hispeasantroots. University ofBirmingham MICHAEL KASER andStAntony's College, Oxford Chuter, David. WarCrimes. Confronting Atrocity intheModern World. IISS Studies in International Security. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO and London, 2003. iX+ 299 pp. Notes. Bibliography.Index. $55.00. THIs book is a refreshingand original contribution to the growing body of literature examining ways of dealing with the commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The last decade has witnessed a growth in the businessof internationalcriminaljustice, prompted by changes in the internationalsystemand a greaterconcern for abusesin the bordersof a state. The establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the FormerYugoslavia(ICTY)in May I993 was the firststepon a path that led to the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court with the adoption of a statute in July I998 and its coming into force four years later. Prosecutingwar crimeswas seen increasinglyas an importantelement of the package of measures designed to bring about 'post-conflict reconstruction'. However, recently this has been challenged and a degree of fatigue with internationalcriminaljustice is discernable.This is due to the fact that the ad hoc tribunals are taking so much time, effort and money to complete their work,and drivenby a realizationthat internationalcriminaljustice might not be the panacea solution it was purported to be. Other mechanisms, such as truth commissions or amnesties, or a combination of measures, might in fact be bettersuitedto the loftydemandsof post-conflictjustice. David Chuter'sbook providesan honest assessmentof wherewe had got to by 2003. Its aim is to provide an assessmentof the possibilitiesand difficulties of establishingmechanisms to investigateand prosecute those responsiblefor the commission of war crimes and to situate these terrible events in their historical and social contexts. It is based on a combination of the author's personal experience at the Ministryof Defence workingat the coalface, with responsibilityfor Balkan war crimes issues during I997-200I and extensive interviews conducted with people working on these issues. It is thereby designedto reflectthe 'collectivewisdom of those who have workedin thewar crimes area over recent years' (p. 2) and in this it is successful.Although the book is wide-ranging in its focus, including discussionof the influence of the REVIEWS 787 Holocaust, the Allied bombing campaigns in Germany during the Second WorldWar, the use of atomic weapons againstJapan at the end of the War, the Rwandan genocide, the war in Sierra Leone and establishment of a Special Court, apartheid and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the narrative returns time and again to the history of the Balkans,the Yugoslavwar and issuesrelatingto the ICTY duringthe critical years of 1997-2001. Chuter draws on detailed examples from the Balkansto show how social, political and historicalcontext can create a climate of moral vacuity in which the commissionof war crimescan become the norm, and showshow such acts are justified in the context of the overall strategy. Yet, he also makes an importantdistinctionbetween this sortof conduct and thatperpetratedby the 'small band of psychopaths who naturally come to the fore' (p. ix). Their freedom to commit atrociousactsisprovidedby the context in which they are operating, but such acts do not necessarily have any connection with the overallstrategy. At times, Chuter'sdisdainfor certainmembers of the advocacy networkof international lawyers and NGOs is palpable and he seeks to avoid what he callsthe 'sanctimoniousnessand emotionalism'(p. 4) of many writingson this subject. What results is a penetrating discussion of how and why atrocities occur and what can be done to bring the perpetratorstojustice. Throughout, Chuter takes a pragmatic approach, stressing the importance of politics, without which..." @default.
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• W4379421390 date "2005-10-01" @default.
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• W4379421390 title "War Crimes: Confronting Atrocity in the Modern World by David s> Chuter (review)" @default.
• W4379421390 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/see.2005.0048" @default.
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