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- W4379426642 abstract "REVIEWS 131 church canons, bibles and exegetical works, servicemanuals]; books on poli tics,mosdy by Protestant writers; lexicons and grammars' (p. 158). In other words, apart from confirming thatLatin was the language of instruction at the Mohyla College, the contents of its library in the periods under review prove to have been pedagogical, academic and religious in character, and quite similar on the whole to those of the contemporary Jesuit college libraries located all over the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on which the Kiev institution was modelled. None of these findingswill surprise interested scholars, though the abun dant detail will be most welcome. So will the author's evident sensitivityto the anomalies of theMohyla College's position as an outpost of early modern Latin learning in a historic centre of Slavic Orthodoxy; likewise, her obvious effort to rein in the nationalist animosities inherent, alas, in her project. But the slighting ofRussian connections (e.g. pp. 55-56, 158-59, 162-64) is to be regretted, as itvariously constrained both her depiction of the college's history and her assessment of itshistorical importance. For most of the time in question, after all, Kiev and its college were under more or less direct Russian control. UniversityofIllinois, Chicago James Cracraft Sunderland, Willard. Taming the Wild Field: Colonization andEmpire on the Russian Steppe.Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY and London, 2006. xv + 239 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Note on archival sources. Index. Si8.95: ?10.95 (paperback). Recently issued in paperback, Willard Sunderland's much-discussed Taming the Wild Field examines theRussian settlement and absorption of the Euro pean steppe. Although the territoryhad in an earlier period been home to terrifyingconquerors (theMongols) and theirmuch-feared descendants (the Tatars), by the turn of the twentieth century metropolitan Russians had re-imagined these alien lands as being, ifnot as a part of the heardand, nonetheless as a part of European Russia (p. 173). This transformation was far from uni-directional or teleological; the goals of the Russian government in sponsoring expansion and settlement into the steppe were neither consistent in themselves nor consonant with the intentions of settlers. Even the role of the steppe in the imagination of theRussian metropole had a diverse ifnot chequered history. Such expansion through colonization was hardly unheard of, especially in other empires bordering large grasslands. For Russians, however, it became the basis of their own exceptionalism vis-a-vis other European empires. They preferred to imagine the process as a gentle resettle ment of Slavic peasants onto the 'empty' steppe. Sunderland argues that colonization was a much more ambiguous process, and 'a deliberate story of imperialist expansion' (p. 3), territoryconquered and appropriated in action and imagination from other peoples. The book's central focus is an analysis of Russian policies and attitudes to the settlement of the European steppe from the late eighteenth to the 132 SEER, 87, I, JANUARY 2009 early twentieth centuries, and how these interacted variously with the efforts and desires of new Russian-sponsored and older non-Russian inhabitants. The state's description of the steppe as Russian land followed its military conquest under Catherine II. Sunderland takes the opportunity to discuss theways in which treatment of the steppe and its settlers were sometimes as characteristic of domestic colonization as of empire. Awareness that the European steppe might be seen as colonies in an Empire made its appearance much later in the imagination and in the institutional structure of the state.Absorption of steppe landswas far from simple. Over time, differentconcerns predominated in the government's encouragement of settlement. The steppe also served as an unequal intermediate ground where the state grappled with the ambiguities of itsdefensive needs, its economic expectations of agriculture on the fertile steppe, and itsmission of carrying European culture to Bashkirs, Kalmyks and others. The arriving settlers themselves carried other ambiguities, not least the intricate labels assigned to them by the state.Russian serfsand peas ants, never mind Jews and Dukhobors who were relocated inpart to get them out of theway, did not conform to the orderly colonists of the state's imagina tion, despite efforts to reform and transform them. Domestic concerns, such as fears of disorder and irregularities among peasant migrants..." @default.
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- W4379426642 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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- W4379426642 title "Taming the Wild Field: Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe by Willard Sunderland (review)" @default.
- W4379426642 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/see.2009.0147" @default.
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