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• W4379434242 abstract "788 SEER, 88, 4, OCTOBER 2OIO analysis ofhowinsurgencies ariseand howtheycan be effectively dealtwith, bothbythetarget stateand thewiderinternational community. In anyfuture edition,Perritt shouldseriously considerrevising histitleto makeclearthe book'swiderscope and relevance.The current titleunnecessarily limitsits potential appeal and market. Department ofDefence & International Affairs RoyalMilitary Academy Sandhurst M. A. Smith Vermeersch, Peter.TheRomani Movement: Minority Politics andEthnic Mobilization in Contemporary Central Europe. Studiesin Ethnopolitics. BerghahnBooks, NewYorkand Oxford, 2006.xiv+ 261pp. Tables.Notes.Bibliography. Index.$80.00: £47.00. Gypsies,or Roma as theycall themselves, are an unpromising subjectfor political mobilization. Theyare an ethnie, nota nation;theylivein scattered communities, lacka standard written language,tendtobe poorlyeducatedif notilliterate, aredividedintheir aims,andlackan ideology thatmight sustain themin politicalaction.On the otherhand, as Vermeersch notes,it was Gypsyrioting thatgave riseto whathe callstheRomani movement in the first place. His bookis a conscientious comparative study ofwhyGypsies inHungary, theCzech Republicand Slovakiahavefailedtomobilizeeffectively inpursuit oftheir objectives. Vermeersch setsoutmeticulously thechangesintheir conditiondatingback a decade and a halfin each country, and discussestheir impacts.He has equippedhimself forthetaskwithrelevant politicalscience textsfromTed RobertGurronwardsbut,sadly,he neglects equallyuseful contributions fromsociologists (HenryA. Landsberger, forexample).This reflects a recenttendency forsocial scientists to confine themselves to their ownparticular discipline, and ithinders thedevelopment ofscholarship inthe area. Romanitendtobe resented bytheir neighbours and discriminated against. Most Roma remaininertifnot entirely apatheticwhilethe activists rarely agree about means or ends. Beforethecollapseof Communismtheywere better caredforbypaternalistic Communist regimes. Butthosedayshavelong past, and meanwhilediscrimination againstGypsieshas increased.In the Czech Republictheyhaveevenbeenattacked byskinheads. Yet though they havebecomemorevocaltheRoma havenotbeeneffective participants inthe politicalfreemarketthathas obtainedsince,and such alleviationof their condition as theyhaveexperienced in recent yearshas been obtainedmostly thanks totheintervention ofoutsideagencies, including theEU, OECD and Soros Foundation.Roma have notbeen effective in standing up forthemselves ,and the authoridentifies himself withthemsufficiently to sharethe frustrations ofRomaniactivists at thisfailure. In Hungary,forexample,the betteraccess to decenthousingthatthey enjoy,theexistence ofan advisory nationalGypsyCouncil,and a Hungarian REVIEWS 789 Gypsyculturalassociationare the fruits of outsideraction,not theirown. Romaniactivists are sometimes regarded withsuspicion bytheveryconstituencytheyare intendedto serve,whileGypsycynicsregardthe activists as 'puppetsin thehandsofthepoliticians in power5. Furthermore, theactivists themselves areriven bydissent. Somewantcultural minority rights and access totheeconomicand socialadvantages enjoyedbyothercitizens, whileothers simply wantthesame rights as othersubjects.And theyask formorethan their democratically-elected governments can afford to givethem. Vermeersch carefully setsout the gains and lossesin termsof poverty, discrimination and unemployment in legal,politicaland international contexts , butthetext veersoccasionally towards advocacyand theeconomiccontextdoes notreceiveadequateattention. London PhilipLongworth Orenstein, M. A., Bloom, S. and Lindstrom, N. (eds). Transnational Actors in Central and East EuropeanTransitions. Pitt Series in Russian and East EuropeanStudies.University ofPittsburgh Press,Pittsburgh, PA, 2008. x + 260 pp. Notes.Bibliography. Index.$27.95(paperback). This book offers a rangeof competing perspectives ratherthan a unified approachto the issue of the influence of transnational actorson Central and East Europeantransitions. The editorsassertthattransnational actors have been the'darkmatter thatheld thevariousaspectsofpostcommunist transition together'. The bookproposes thata quadrupletransition framework goingbeyondtheprevious focuson nation-building, democratization and marke tization - willprovidedeeperinsights. This cnew transnationalism', inwhichtheboundaries between international relations and comparative politics beginto collapse,takesa broad definition oftransnational actorsand thisis reflected in thebroad rangeofissuesand policyareasthatthisbookcovers. Thereare twomainareasoffocusin thisvolume:first, howtransnational actorsseekto exerttheir influence, and second,howinfluential theyactually are at thenationallevel. In terms ofthefirst theme,thefirst essay,perhapsunsurprisingly, focuses on theroleoftheEuropeanUnion.Here,Milada AnnaVachudovaoutlines the rationalist view of the EU's conditionality approach to dealingwith prospective members. Throughtheuseofpassiveand activeleverage, theEU has been the 'causal behemoth'of transnational influence on Centraland EasternEurope.This essayis theodd one outin thisvolumeas itrehearses a well-known argument and unlike theotheressaysdoesnotfocuson anyone particular issueorpolicyarea. The nextthreeessaysseekto combineelementsof bothrationalist and constructivist approaches. NicoleLindstrom looksat efforts tocombathuman trafficking in theBalkans,something thathas becomean 'obsession'forthe international community. The existence ofcompeting frames or conceptions ..." @default.
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• W4379434242 title "The Romani Movement: Minority Politics and Ethnic Mobilization in Contemporary Central Europe. Studies in Ethnopolitics by Peter Vermeersch (review)" @default.
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