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• W4379623151 abstract "Discurso ehistoria enlaobra narrativa deJorgeLuisBorges: Examen de'Ficciones'y 'ElAleph'. By NICOLAS EMILIO ALVAREZ. Boulder, CO: Society of Spanish and SpanishAmerican Studies. I998. 258 pp. $30. Alvarez examines the rhetoricalstrategiesofJorge Luis Borges'sdiscourseand the 'historia',in the sense of the plot, in each of the stories of the Argentinean'smost famous published collections: Ficciones and El Aleph.It is difficult to find critical works on Borges with the kind, and depth, of analysis Alvarez takes up in his volume. One of Borges's epigraphsthat opens the book reminds the reader of the open quality,as Umberto Eco would have it, of a writer's ceuvre.The text of a book changes and becomes actualized not just with each new reading, but with each remembrance of each new reading, making the text appear as Heraclitus's everchanging river.Takingthis open quality of the text, in this case of Borges'stext, as his startingpoint, Alvarez studies Borges'sproduction by way of a narratological analysis. Such a study allows Alvarez to define the elements of the narrative discourse,aswell asthose thatconformtheplots of the storiesin the aforementioned volumes.AlvarezintroducesBorges,the author,with a briefand usefulbiographical sketch.He then explains the methodology employed in his study,identifiessome of his theoretical sources (Chatman, Stanzel, Genette, and Derrida, among others), and defines the terms he will be using in the rest of his work. The definitions he provides in the introduction make understandable what would otherwise be an obscure analysis, since many of the terms, and some of the ways in which Alvarez usesthem, arenew, at least to me. Alvarez'sstudy of Ficciones is based on the 1956 edition. He examines the stories in the sameorderasthey appearin Borges'sbook, startingwith 'Tl6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius'and ending with 'El Sur'. He uses this same approach in his analysisof El Aleph,as it was publishedin 1952. When studying'Tlbn, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius',for instance, Alvarez firstprovides a brief overview of the historyof the text, and then identifiesthe main 'genomito' ('conceptoprimordialque induce al autora formular su texto literario o el concepto primordial que el lector real le adjudica al texto' (p. 8)) of the story,which in 'Tln .. .' opposes realityto unreality.This 'genomito', that Alvarez characterizesas metaphysical-theological,in turn provides a series of semiotic planes that criticize human knowledge and creativity. Other 'genomitos' found in 'Tlon .. .' oppose science to fiction and historyto fiction.Afterdelineating the 'genomitos' in 'Tlon . . .' Alvarez summarizes the plot of this short story, identifiesthe main symbolsused by Borges (theencyclopaediaand the mirror),and presentsthe main 'diegesis'which is comprisedby two 'subdiegesis'.One relatesthe existence of Uqbar, the other the existence, by way of the encyclopaedia,of the 'historiatotalde un planeta desconocido' (p. 15).The 'posdiegesis'of 1947facesthe readerwith the possibilitiesof a time-game, since the text was written in 1940, but the 'posdi6gesis'statesits own date as 1947.Alvarezcloseshis studyof Tlon .. .' by quoting Borges's opinion about the story and with a summary of the main points studiedin the analysis.As with 'Tlon .. .', throughoutthe volume Alvarezprovides a brief overview of each story's plot, summarizes some of the previous critical analysisof the particularstory, studiesthe discursivestrategiesthat produce it and, in most cases, gives a personal interpretationof the storyat hand, an interpretation thatis invariablywell thought out and clearlyarticulated. The 'Conclusiones' provides Alvarez with the opportunity of revisitingsome of the analysis he performed throughout the book, this time taking as his point of departurenot each particularstory,but the broad topics he set out to study,that is, discourse and plot. In this last chapter Alvarez emphasizes certain aspects of the narrativestaken as a whole, summarizingthe main ideas of his volume. He begins Reviews 242 MLR, 96. , 200I MLR, 96. , 200I by stating the several genres Borges uses, and also deconstructs, in his narrative. Those genres are, according to Alvarez, the essay, the book review, and neofantasticliteraturein general. He followsthisbriefsummarywith an overviewof the main components of the narrativediscoursein the two collections, Ficciones and El Aleph.Rather than repeat previous analysis, this time around Alvarez first defines the discursive strategy under scrutiny such as, for example, the 'narratorialidad homodiegetica' or 'heterodiegetica'(p. 208), or the 'omnisciencia e inconfiabilidad narratorial'(p. 209), in orderto considerits presence in the differentstories.In this fashion Alvarez..." @default.
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• W4379623151 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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• W4379623151 title "Discurso e historia en la obra narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges: Examen de 'Ficciones' y 'El Aleph' (review)" @default.
• W4379623151 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2001.a825545" @default.
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