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• W4379623748 abstract "MLR, 99.4, 2004 1037 However, as Roberts points out, Martineau's greatest challenge to modern scholar? ship has been her eclecticism, which resists simplification. Her prolific literary output means that it would take a lifetime to read all that she wrote, while the 'immersion of her work in the immediate' (p. 5) has led to its being considered relevant only to the Victorian age and of relatively minor interest elsewhere. However, Roberts superbly challenges this limited view of Martineau's work by a close reading of selected texts, using Foucault's illumination ofthe construction and orderingof knowledge to guide the analysis. Roberts shows the subversive and critical character of Martineau's writ? ing and, paradoxically, that it was most subversive when it was most immersed in, and representative of,the Victorian age. Though there have been excellent biographies and analyses of Martineau' s achieve? ments, there have been few sustained analyses of her most important writing. Thus, based on the comment from Martineau that five times in her life she published on issues that might have been ruinous to her reputation, Roberts considers these texts to see why they attracted such virulent reviews. They include several tales from the celebrated Illustrations ofPolitical Economy (1832-34); Society in America (1837); Letters on Mesmerism (1844); Eastern Life, Past and Present (1848); and Letters on theLaws of Man's Nature and Development (1851), plus Martineau's two full-length novels Deerbrook (1839), about a middle-class apothecary, and The Hour and the Man (1841), whose hero is a black revolutionary. Roberts's conclusion is that they were contro? versial precisely because they exposed existing crises of knowledge and belief which were in the process of destabilizingthe nineteenth-century domestic family ideal: Historical consideration of Illustrations indicated that Martineau's stories did not sim? ply endorse patriarchal ideologies and that she herself was not solely empowered by her appropriation of 'masculine' discourses. Although her tales articulated the political ideas of men, it was her use of narrative that made these ideas accessible to readers and that precipitated the series' extensive circulation. At the same time, by clarifying the political and cultural ideas of men, she exposed tensions and contradictions within those ideas capable of disrupting the fabric of her society. (p. 15) Likewise, in Society in America Martineau drew attention to inconsistencies between American founding principles and the social relations which those principles were supposed to represent, in particular, regarding women and slaves. Roberts shows that like Lacan, Martineau perceived that rights have no fixed meaning; rather the battle for rights is linguistic, at the site where meaning and rights are determined. This is a closely argued book which demands full attention, and also some acquaintance with Harriet Martineau herself, the society in which she lived, and the theorizing of Michel Foucault and other recent influential writers. I found this work fascinating and ground-breaking. My only question is: are there enough like-minded readers to constitute an audience for the book? Given her keen interest and success in the publishing business, it is a question that I am sure Harriet Martineau herself would have raised. Umea University Gaby Weiner Thackeray's Skeptical Narrative and the 'Perilous Trade' of Authorship. By Judith L. Fisher. (The Nineteenth Century) Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ix +300 pp. ?45. ISBN 0-7546-0651-1. Judith Fisher's study of Thackeray's novels is a welcome addition to Victorian cri? ticism and will prove a valuable text for undergraduates grappling with the intricate processes of narrative techniques and reader responses. Fisher's central premiss is 1038 Reviews that, in his works, 'Thackeray deliberately attempted to disrupt the reading process in order to thwart any stable interpretation' (p. 1). She claims that Thackeray, fully aware of narratorial instability,thought 'skeptically about the possibility of arriving at absolute truths, not as a matter of belief, but as they could be expressed in language' (p. 1). For Thackeray 'language was a system of conventions that depended upon an interpretive community for any stable meanings: change the codes or change the audience and the meaning changed' (p. 2). Fisher suggests that Thackeray recognized the dangers inherent in the use of om..." @default.
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• W4379623748 date "2004-10-01" @default.
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• W4379623748 title "Thackeray's Skeptical Narrative and the 'Perilous Trade' of Authorship by Judith L. Fisher (review)" @default.
• W4379623748 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2004.a826936" @default.
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