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• W4379791946 abstract "Let a Hundred Pieties Bloom! The Souls of China: The Return of Religion After Mao. By Johnson Ian New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 2017. x + 455 pp. $30. Peter Heinegg The Austrian‐Jewish novelist Hermann Broch (1886–1951) used to talk about the “value vacuum” of fin de siècle Vienna, a kind of morbid moral‐spiritual‐cultural‐political emptiness pervading society. Take that diagnosis, and apply it a hundredfold to China after the Great Leap Forward (1958–1962) and the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976): a traumatized nation, mourning 30‐plus million dead and suffering from the violent and temporarily successful erasure of most of its timeworn traditions in religion, philosophy, and the arts (thousands of temples leveled, ancient artifacts destroyed, etc.) How much of this devastation, along with the debasing of language by relentless political sloganeering, can be repaired remains to be seen. But, as shown in Ian Johnson’s extraordinary report, religion in China has been making a major comeback, not just in secret and not necessarily in the face of government resistance, with Christians, among others, lending public support to this rich, varied renewal. Johnson is a globetrotting journalist, a contributor to the New York Times and the New York Review of Books, who first visited China in 1984, then got involved in the 1990s with efforts to rebuild Daoist temples. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 2001 for his coverage of the brutal suppression by Beijing of the Falun Gong movement. He has also spent years in Berlin and wrote an important book, A Mosque in Munich: Nazis, the CIA, and the Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in the West (2010). The Souls of China is the result of six years spent in a long series of intense encounters with activists from across the country who are fueling this unexpected religious resurgence. Exact figures are unobtainable, but right now China appears to have around 200 million Buddhists and Daoists, fifty to sixty million Protestants, twenty to twenty‐five million Muslims, ten million Catholics, plus another 175 million or so who practice some sort of folk religion, often mixed with Daoism. Johnson concentrates on four groups, (1) the “Beijing Pilgrims,” relatives or associates of an old man named Ni Zenshan, who manages popular celebrations at a shrine on Miaofengshan (“Mountain of the Holiest Peak), some forty miles west of Beijing, dedicated to the Daoist goddess, Our Lady of the Azure Clouds; (2) the “Shanxi Daoists,” led by Li Bin, a “funeral master” (yinyang), who stages elaborate musically based rites; (3) the “Chengdu Christians,” the most important of whom is Wang Yi, a former human rights lawyer turned minister of the Early Rain Reformed Church; and (4) “the masters,” comprising a Buddhist meditation guru, who lives in a hermitage on Lake Tai outside of Shanghai, a charismatic teacher of Daoist meditation in the caves of southern China, a female disciple of his in Beijing, and her husband, who comes from a noteworthy Communist Party family. Johnson doesn’t just visit and interview his subjects; he engages with them on a warm, intimate—but always respectful—level. He is particularly impressed by the Daoist teacher Wang Liping and his techniques of “inner alchemy” (neidan), into which he gets initiated. Johnson isn’t doing sociology here—the data just aren’t available, except to the Chinese secret police. And he isn’t doing specialized doctrinal analysis, which the reader won’t miss because there’s an eclectic, syncretistic, DIY quality about the religious lives of almost all the men and women he interacts with. Johnson’s main focus is on the ways religion and especially ritual can provide moral stimulus, emotional consolation, and social cohesion in the dull, soulless, materialistic wasteland of Chinese communism. The regime remains deeply suspicious of any challenge to its control of public organizations. Churches and all other religious bodies have to register with the government (though some groups don’t), which will not tolerate what it perceives as competition—whence the attacks on Falun Gong (Dharma Wheel Practice): “Over time, Falun Gong’s exercise groups could be seen in almost every park in China, and its reach extended from its homeland in the rust belt..." @default.
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• W4379791946 title "Let a Hundred Pieties Bloom! The Souls of China: The Return of Religion After Mao . By Johnson Ian (review)" @default.
• W4379791946 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cro.2018.0039" @default.
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