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• W4379804529 abstract "Intervention I: Neighbors: Familiar Strangers: The Case of Somali Immigrants in Lewiston, Maine Andrea Voyer According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), two and a half decades of sectarian strife in Somalia displaced millions of people. In January 2009, it was estimated that nearly 1.3 million Somalis remained within country as they fled their homes, and nearly 600,000 individuals sought refuge outside of Somalia (UNHCR ). Then, as today, most members of this substantial Somali Diaspora resided in neighboring countries. However, Somalis are dispersed over many nations (Abdi ). Immigration statistics suggest that—with settlement beginning in the 1980s and continuing until the Trump administration's recent travel ban that barred U.S. visas to all Somali passport holders—there are now more than 135,000 Somali residents in the United States (United States Census Bureau ). In 2008, more than half of all newcomers to the United States settled in just four states: California, New York, Florida, and Texas. Yet, Somalis in the United States often reside in areas with little history of recent non‐white immigration where they make up a substantial proportion of the immigrant community. Seeking out these new immigrant gateways, Somalis in the United States pass over traditional urban areas and immigration centers for states such as Minnesota, Ohio, Washington, Tennessee, and Maine. Six of the top 10 states of Somali settlement are not primary settlement sites for the majority of other legal permanent residents. Somalis also tend to reside in communities where there are no other immigrant groups to speak of. The nature of Somali settlement is bound to be different in smaller communities in which being an immigrant means being Somali. Waters and Jimenez () suggest several ways in which new gateways might impact immigrants’ experiences: more freedom for immigrants to define their place in the social structure; un‐ and under‐developed immigration services; and less social isolation. Seeking refuge in Lewiston Should we think of Somali Americans as refugees or as immigrants? While many Somalis do arrive as refugees, others come through family reunification programs. Still others immigrated to the United States in the years before Somalia's chaos. Many Somali residents of the United States are American‐born, members of the growing second generation. Furthermore, Somalis have moved within the United States—leaving behind the refugee resettlement services they were provided in their community of arrival and starting businesses, acquiring American educational credentials, jobs, citizenship, and buying houses as they do so. The official designation of refugee states obscures the fact that many Somalis have actively made successful lives for themselves in the United States. One place many Somalis have called home is the town of Lewiston, Maine. Between the summer of 2001 and October 2002, more than 1,200 Somali immigrants relocated to the town of Lewiston. Lewiston had no Somali population before that time. Lewiston's Somali population is around 4000 today, giving the city of 37,000 the highest per capita concentration of Somalis in the United States. They arrived in the city as secondary migrants—refugees from Somalia who have been in the United States for at least 2 years and are relocating within the country of their own volition and without any special services or supports provided in their initial settlement site. The reasons for Somali migration to Lewiston include the low cost of living and crime rate in Maine, a desire on the part of the Muslim Somalis to live in a community which is tolerant of religious diversity, an appreciation of the lack of racial conflict in the state, Maine's good schools, generous welfare benefits, and, as time passes, the presence of a substantial Somali community. An un‐neighborly welcome Lewiston's response to Somali settlement exposes many of the questions and challenges faced by communities where neighbors suddenly seem to become strangers from elsewhere. In the case of Lewiston, Somali settlement initially resulted in exclusion and hostility. In April 2002, the regional paper, The Portland Press Herald, published an article about what the author referred to as “Lewiston's Somali surge.” The article discussed Lewiston's new Somali residents and their progress toward settling in the community. Somali..." @default.
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• W4379804529 date "2017-09-01" @default.
• W4379804529 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W4379804529 title "Intervention I: Neighbors: Familiar Strangers: The Case of Somali Immigrants in Lewiston, Maine" @default.
• W4379804529 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cro.2017.a782605" @default.
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