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• W4379804553 abstract "THE INTRODUCTION OF DOMESTICATED REINDEER INTO ALASKA BY ARTHUR S.PETERSON The reindeer industry was originally conceived to be a native domestic industry for the welfare of a backward and primitive race, whose subsistence had been almost destroyed by the whites. That it served its purpose in providing for the Eskimo there can be no doubt. It also served to insure the relief of shipwrecked, icebound whalers in the Far North, and of distressed miners prospecting the outlands, although that was not the main reason for the hiring of Lapp herdsmen and the teaching of Eskimos to handle their herds.1 The introduction of reindeer into Alaska has changed the Eskimos from a nomadic to a pastoral people. Its introduction , said the late Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane, was the one constructive thing that the Government has done for the Eskimo natives in fifty years. 2 Credit for the introduction of domesticated reindeer into Alaska must go to Mr. William Thomas Lopp, chief of the Alaska division of the bureau of education. When asked how he happened to hit upon the idea, Mr. Lopp said, It was in 1890 during my first Winter's exile in the native village at Cape Prince of Wales that the idea of using reindeer as a means of food, clothing and transportation first suggested itself to me. . . . My mind went back to my geography lessons in school. Here I was, living in the same latitude as the Lapps, who, as I had learned in school, depended upon the reindeer for their livelihood. Naturally, the same climatic conditions suggested the feasibility of the reindeer industry in Alaska.3 1 Trumbull White, Coming Storm over Alaska, in the New Outlook , 162:17 (August, 1933). 2 Marius Hansome, The Eskimo and the Fourth * R,' in Current History , 16:103 (April, 1922). Hansome, in Current History , 16: 103. 98 INTRODUCTION OF REINDEER 99 Captain M. A. Healy, who commanded the revenue cutter Bear, transmitted the idea to Dr. Sheldon Jackson. He in turn requested Congress to provide funds for buying Siberian reindeer. This request was ultimately met, and in 1892 a herd of 170 reindeer was brought over from Siberia to Port Clarence. Following this delivery, regular shipments were made for a decade. Ivan Petroff, Alaskan census enumerator in 1890, said that the scheme would not be successful, that it would be hard to make herders out of the Eskimo hunters, and that the Eskimo dogs would kill the deer. Mr. Lopp was not discouraged, however, and, being familiar with the native tongues of the Eskimo people, he was able to appeal to their best instincts. He enlisted the most promising young men by convincing them of their responsibility and by awakening their ambition to leadership. As an incentive to their interest, he assured them that in due time they could expect a substantial reward.4 Dr. Sheldon Jackson, a pioneer Presbyterian missionary, deserves the lion's share of the credit for the actual success of the industry, for it was in him that the movement found a capable and energetic leader, who realized that the economic problems confronting the Eskimo tribes in Alaska had to be faced honestly if the people were to survive. At this time Major General A. W. Greely, long the superior authority in all Alaskan matters, said that unless the wholesale destruction of land game, the practical extinction of sea game, and the influx of miners were controlled, the extermination of thousands of natives by starvation was imminent . Realizing that the problem facing the Eskimo was one of gigantic proportions, Dr. Jackson began to work with a tireless enthusiasm which eventually began to bear results. Jackson made contacts with churches, mission boards, and benevolent individuals, until he raised $2,146.00 in supplies, 4 Hansome, in Current History , 16: 103. 100 STUDIES AND RECORDS not money, for barter was the only way to deal with the Siberian Eskimo across the Bering Straits from Alaska. In 1891, after several trips had been made into Siberia to buy reindeer, the quest was rewarded by the acquisition of several animals. These were transported to Alaska on the revenue cutter Bear. Following the first success..." @default.
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• W4379804553 date "1940-01-01" @default.
• W4379804553 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4379804553 title "THE INTRODUCTION OF DOMESTICATED REINDEER INTO ALASKA" @default.
• W4379804553 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1940.a798618" @default.
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