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• W4379804949 abstract "HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY1 BY PETER A. MUNCH History and sociology are closely related because we are trying to understand ourselves as human beings in terms of the society in which we live. But during the lifetime of this Association the relationship has been little more than a shirttail relationship. In our search for knowledge and understanding we have gone separate roads, and we have ended up at points so distant from each other that we don't even speak the same language. This was not always so. Auguste Comte, commonly regarded as the founder of modern sociology (at least he invented the word), recognized explicitly the importance of historical material to sociology.2 His law of the three stages, which he presented as the basic sociological law, was, of course, a grandiose historical generalization. And since his time, sociologists have vied with historians in developing great evolutionary schemes of social development, built around the basically historical idea that each stage in the development emanates from the preceding. Less ambitious, but more fruitful perhaps , were the attempts made by the great sociologists of the turn of the century to interpret special aspects of our modern society in terms of its past history. Men like Durkheim, Tönnies , Max Weber, and, in America, Ward and Cooley, all looked upon the contemporary society through the perspective of history. The main stream of American sociology has moved far away from this tradition. It appears that American sociologists never recovered entirely from a feeling of inferiority for the so-called exact sciences, and when public recognition (as well as funds) started to flow richly to the physical and 1This is a slightly revised version of an address presented at the triennial meeting of the Norwegian-American Historical Association in Minneapolis on May 11, 1957. aPaul Hanly Furfey, The Scope and Method of Sociology , 462 (New York, 1953). 46 HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY 47 biological sciences, the pressure from what Whitehead described as scientific materialism apparently became so great that the American sociologists, as well as economists, surrendered unconditionally to empiricism in its most extreme and sterile form, denounced all rational interpretation as armchair philosophizing, and declared triumphantly that Science is Measurement, as it says in the motto of the Co wies Commission for Research in Economics. Mathematics and statistical methods became the symbol by which sociology was given the outer appearance of a science, an aspect which was given further emphasis by the development of a professional jargon, incomprehensible to anyone outside the field and, incidentally, to many within it. In my opinion, this development in American sociology was a regrettable mistake, not only because it alienated sociology from history, and from the study of literature, philosophy , and other branches of knowledge which we commonly include in the term the humanities. It was a mistake particularly because it estranged the sociologist even from the very essence of human culture and forced him to accept an image of man which reduced him to a mechanical automaton . This view, in the long run, gave the sociologist a rather superficial, in some respects even distorted, picture of human society. I would like to emphasize, though, that, while this has been the dominant trend in American sociology for several decades , it is only part of the picture. The old tradition of a more humanistic sociology survived the ordeal of tough empiricism , supported by a small but highly capable group of scholars , whose goal has been a rational understanding of human society in its variety of forms rather than an amassment of poorly comprehended facts. These scholars were concerned with human values, those that unite human beings to their fellow men as well as those that separate them. They were concerned with ideas and sentiments which, when shared by a number of humans, form the constituent elements of groups 48 PETER A. MUNCH and institutions, of customs and morals. On the whole, they were concerned with those intangible aspects of human culture to which a measuring stick is not easily applied, but which are fundamental to our lives as human beings. And there are several indications that this school of sociology is again growing in strength and creative vitality. It is..." @default.
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• W4379804949 title "HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY" @default.
• W4379804949 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1959.a798991" @default.
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