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- W4379882676 endingPage "127240" @default.
- W4379882676 startingPage "127240" @default.
- W4379882676 abstract "Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with chemical substances in the environment and can either be irritant or allergic in nature. The clinical symptoms of contact dermatitis, include local skin rash, itching, redness, swelling, and lesions. Nowadays, 15-20% of people have some degree of contact dermatitis, which can be more or less severe. Immune responses in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are due to the effects of cytokines and allergen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on the skin. Acids and alkalis such as drain cleaners, plants such as poinsettias, hair colors, and nail polish remover, are all prominent causes of irritant contact dermatitis (ICDs). Heavy metals are metallic elements with a high atomic weight that are hazardous in low quantities and are known to cause dermatitis after systemic or local exposure. Nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) are among the most common heavy metals used in various industries. Metal allergies may cause ACD and also systemic contact dermatitis (SCD). Contact dermatitis is detected by laboratory tests such as patch testing, lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), and evaluation of cytokine production by primary cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This article presents an update on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ACD and SCD caused by three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and Pb). Ni is not discussed due to recent coverage. Furthermore, the effects of contact sensitivity to some other heavy metals, such as gold (Au), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), and mercury (Hg) are discussed." @default.
- W4379882676 created "2023-06-09" @default.
- W4379882676 creator A5001724302 @default.
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- W4379882676 creator A5077467851 @default.
- W4379882676 creator A5077692708 @default.
- W4379882676 creator A5078562547 @default.
- W4379882676 date "2023-09-01" @default.
- W4379882676 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4379882676 title "Heavy metals in contact dermatitis: A review" @default.
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