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- W4380854345 abstract "The IPCC-AR6 report suggests that the sea-level in the Persian Gulf is expected to rise by 2.1-4.9mm/year by 2100, which is lower than the global projections of 4-14mm/year. However, a central nationwide ground subsidence in Bahrain's low-lying island can aggravate these figures. The island is only 14-kilometers-wide, yet we observe a 7×12-kilometer ground subsidence with vertical rates up to 20mm/year for 2016-2021. To characterize the subsidence, we use the following methods: (i) SBAS-InSAR with 94 and 131 C-band Sentinel-1A orbital radar acquisitions in ascending and descending directions for 2016-2021, respectively, and (ii) Stacking-InSAR with eight L-band ALOS-1-PALSAR acquisitions for 2007-2010 and six ALOS-2-PALSAR-ScanSAR acquisitions for 2016-2021. Although the observed subsidence velocities are non-linear, we estimate a subsidence of up to 1.5-meters by 2100 by extrapolating the average rates. We suggest three causes associated with this subsidence: (i) Exploitation of the Awali oil field, (ii) Local aquifer depletion, and (iii) Subsurface dissolution of anhydrites and chalky-limestones. To assess the potential impact of subsidence on the shoreline, we measure the coastline evolution at three undisturbed beaches on the West-coast from 1985-to-2021, excluding areas that underwent land-reclamation. Using sub-pixel shoreline detection analysis from 308 Sentinel-2 and Landsat (L5, L7, and L8) acquisitions, we observe that the selected shores remain stable. However, observations reveal a shoreline retreat of up to 5m/year on the southwestern coast for 2003-2014. This rate exceeds the modeled rate of 0.85m/year derived solely from local tide gauge sea-level measure. This nationwide subsidence should be considered when forecasting coastal infrastructure-planning in Bahrain. We recommend performing a similar analysis in other low-lying Gulf islands where oil exploitation occurs." @default.
- W4380854345 created "2023-06-16" @default.
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- W4380854345 date "2023-01-01" @default.
- W4380854345 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4380854345 title "Nationwide Subsidence in Bahrain Island: Drivers and Implications for Relative Sea Level Rise" @default.
- W4380854345 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2023.3286471" @default.
- W4380854345 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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