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• W4380997943 abstract "The CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor ($alpha_rm{CO}$) is central to measuring the amount and properties of molecular gas. It is known to vary with environmental conditions, and previous studies have revealed lower $alpha_rm{CO}$ in the centers of some barred galaxies on kpc scales. To unveil the physical drivers of such variations, we obtained ALMA Band 3, 6, and 7 observations toward the inner 2 kpc of NGC 3627 and NGC 4321 tracing $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O lines on 100 pc scales. Our multi-line modeling and Bayesian likelihood analysis of these datasets reveal variations of molecular gas density, temperature, optical depth, and velocity dispersion, which are among the key drivers of $alpha_rm{CO}$. The central 300 pc nuclei in both galaxies show strong enhancement of temperature $T_rm{k}>100$ K and density $n_rm{H_2}>10^3$ cm$^{-3}$. Assuming a CO-to-H$_2$ abundance of $3times10^{-4}$, we derive 4-15 times lower $alpha_rm{CO}$ than the Galactic value across our maps, which agrees well with previous kpc-scale measurements. Combining the results with our previous work on NGC 3351, we find a strong correlation of $alpha_rm{CO}$ with low-J $^{12}$CO optical depths ($tau_rm{CO}$), as well as an anti-correlation with $T_rm{k}$. The $tau_rm{CO}$ correlation explains most of the $alpha_rm{CO}$ variation in the three galaxy centers, whereas changes in $T_rm{k}$ influence $alpha_rm{CO}$ to second order. Overall, the observed line width and $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO 2-1 line ratio correlate with $tau_rm{CO}$ variation in these centers, and thus they are useful observational indicators for $alpha_rm{CO}$ variation. We also test current simulation-based $alpha_rm{CO}$ prescriptions and find a systematic overprediction, which likely originates from the mismatch of gas conditions between our data and the simulations." @default.
• W4380997943 created "2023-06-17" @default.
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• W4380997943 date "2023-06-01" @default.
• W4380997943 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W4380997943 title "The Physical Drivers and Observational Tracers of CO-to-H₂ Conversion Factor Variations in Nearby Barred Galaxy Centers" @default.
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