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- W4381618448 abstract "ATP delivery and its usage are achieved by cycling of respective intermediates through interconnected coupled reactions. At steady state, cycling between coupled reactions always occurs at zero resistance of the whole cycle without dissipation of free energy. The cross-bridge cycle can also be described by a system of coupled reactions: one energising reaction, which energises myosin heads by coupled ATP splitting, and one de-energising reaction, which transduces free energy from myosin heads to coupled actin movement. The whole cycle of myosin heads via cross-bridge formation and dissociation proceeds at zero resistance. Dissipation of free energy from coupled reactions occurs whenever the input potential overcomes the counteracting output potential. In addition, dissipation is produced by uncoupling. This is brought about by a load dependent shortening of the cross-bridge stroke to zero, which allows isometric force generation without mechanical power output. The occurrence of maximal efficiency is caused by uncoupling. Under coupled conditions, Hill’s equation (velocity as a function of load) is fulfilled. In addition, force and shortening velocity both depend on [Ca2+]. Muscular fatigue is triggered when ATP consumption overcomes ATP delivery. As a result, the substrate of the cycle, [MgATP2-], is reduced. This leads to a switch off of cycling and ATP consumption, so that a recovery of [ATP] is possible. In this way a potentially harmful, persistent low energy state of the cell can be avoided." @default.
- W4381618448 created "2023-06-23" @default.
- W4381618448 creator A5051523203 @default.
- W4381618448 date "2023-06-21" @default.
- W4381618448 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4381618448 title "Cycling between Coupled Reactions: Mechanical Power Output of the Cross-Bridge Cycle as an Integral Part of Energy Metabolism" @default.
- W4381618448 doi "https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cerb/v8/5617b" @default.
- W4381618448 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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