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• W4381954967 startingPage "97" @default.
• W4381954967 abstract "Cucurbits, such as cantaloupes and cucumbers, have emerged as recurrent vehicles of widespread foodborne illness outbreaks caused by enteric pathogens, including Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and human norovirus. The most common scenario in cucurbit-linked bacterial outbreaks is that the fruit was contaminated at the farm, and this contamination was further increased by transfer of pathogens to the flesh during processing and/or cutting and further worsened by subsequent temperature abuse. Several outbreaks of enteric pathogens have been linked to both domestic and imported cantaloupes and cucumbers. Good Agricultural Practices, especially developed for cucurbits, can be implemented to reduce the opportunities for contamination during pre- and postharvest operations. The United States Food and Drug Administration established regulations entitled “Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-based Preventative Controls for Human Food” (21 CFR Part 117) and “Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption” (Produce Safety Rule, 21 CFR Part 112) as part of the agency's ongoing efforts to implement the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). The Preventative Controls for Human Food Rule requires domestic and foreign food facilities that are required to register with section 415 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to comply with the requirements for risk-based preventive controls mandated by the FDA FSMA as well as the modernized Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) of this rule (unless an exemption applies). As part of this rule, which was finalized in September 2015, food facilities, such as those that further process into cut fruits are required to have a food safety plan in place that includes a hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls to significantly minimize or prevent the identified hazards. The Produce Safety Rule, which went into effect January 26, 2016, establishes the use of science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables grown for human consumption. These practices include preharvest procedures to ensure water quality, effective hygienic practices by the workers, management of soil amendments and/or fertilizers, control and prevention of fecal contamination from animal and human sources, and proper sanitation of facilities and equipment. In addition, postharvest practices must provide suitable water for processing, worker hygiene practices, and proper sanitation of packing equipment and facilities. Studies have identified packing operations as an area to focus on improvements to prevent an increase in pathogen levels of contamination that may have originated in the field and their subsequent spread during processing and transportation. Transfer of pathogens from the outside rind to the edible flesh may be reduced by surface disinfection before cutting or peeling. Different antimicrobials have been tested for effectiveness in reducing bacterial pathogens on the surface of melons. However, due to the unique netted surface of the cantaloupe rind, numerous protected sites are available for pathogen attachment and subsequent biofilm formation. Consequently, microbial reductions obtained by aqueous sanitizers are relatively small. Other technologies such as irradiation may be applied to reduce levels of pathogens, even if they are internalized or attached to the netted surface. A holistic approach should be followed to ensure that pathogen reductions are achieved at every step of the chain from production to consumption. The development of more effective control measures requires a better understanding of the mechanisms for contamination, attachment, survival, and growth of pathogens on various cucurbits. Increased research in these prevention areas is paramount in developing strategies for reducing the risk of disease associated with the consumption of melons and cucumbers." @default.
• W4381954967 created "2023-06-26" @default.
• W4381954967 creator A5040448836 @default.
• W4381954967 date "2023-01-01" @default.
• W4381954967 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4381954967 title "Melons and cucumbers" @default.
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