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• W4382045449 startingPage "44" @default.
• W4382045449 abstract "The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins during the sporulation phase. These proteins are located in parasporal crystals consisting of two delta-endotoxin classes, crystal (Cry) and cytolytic (Cyt) toxins. In vitro, Cyt toxins show cytolytic activity against bacterial and a variety of insect and mammalian cells. They bind to cell membranes with unsaturated phospholipids and sphingomyelin. Although Bt and its parasporal crystals containing both Cry and Cyt toxins have been successfully used as bioinsecticides, the molecular mechanism of action of Cyt toxins is not yet fully understood. To address this, we exposed Cyt2Aa to lipid membranes and visualized membrane disruption process using cryo-electron microscopy. We observed two types of Cyt2Aa oligomers. First, Cyt2Aa forms smaller curved oligomers on the membrane surface that become linear over time, and detach when the membrane ruptures. Similar linear filamentous oligomers were also formed by Cyt2Aa in the presence of detergents without prior exposure to lipid membranes, which exhibited attenuated cytolytic activity. Furthermore, our data suggest that Cyt2Aa adopts different conformations between its monomeric and oligomeric forms. Overall, our results provide new evidence for a detergent-like mechanism of action of Cyt2Aa rather than the pore-forming model of target membrane disruption of this important class of insecticidal proteins." @default.
• W4382045449 created "2023-06-27" @default.
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• W4382045449 date "2023-09-01" @default.
• W4382045449 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4382045449 title "Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt2Aa forms filamentous oligomers when exposed to lipid membranes or detergents" @default.
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• W4382045449 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.078" @default.
• W4382045449 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37393643" @default.
• W4382045449 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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