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• W4383067560 abstract "ABSTRACTABSTRACTThe Soviet-Afghan War serves as a significant case study to understand why states resort to violent acts against civilians during war. This study takes a multidimensional approach, examining strategic, operational, and individual factors and applying theories of violence and mass killing. By analyzing the conditions that led the Soviets to target civilians, this investigation identifies a nexus of interconnected factors. At the strategic level, Soviet leaders pursued a swift victory to establish a Communist client regime while minimizing casualties and controlling information flow. Operationally, the ill-preparedness of the Red Army for counterinsurgency warfare, coupled with an entrenched organizational culture, led to the adoption of counterproductive enemy-centric tactics against Afghan noncombatants. Additionally, inadequate training, prolonged deployments, and a lack of disciplinary measures at the individual level contributed to the perpetration of violent acts. Understanding the underlying causes of violence against civilians, particularly in the context of Russian forces, holds practical importance. This knowledge can assist policymakers in devising strategies that mitigate wartime violence and enhance the protection of citizens. Drawing parallels to contemporary conflicts involving Russia, the study concludes by recommending future research directions and emphasizing the relevance of comprehending the targeting of noncombatants in ongoing conflicts, notably the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.KEYWORDS: SovietAfghanistanSoviet-Afghan warwar crimescivilian targetinginsurgenciesviolencemass killing Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsJustin MagulaJustin Magula, U.S. Army, is a political science PhD student at the University of Virginia. He is a former assistant professor at the U.S. Army War College’s Center for Strategic Leadership and an Army strategist. He holds a master’s degree in international public policy from Johns Hopkins University and a B.S. in political science from West Point. His analysis has been published in venues such as Defence Studies, Military Review, War on the Rocks, Wavell Room, and Modern War Institute, among others. His areas of interest include security studies, military innovation, warfare, emerging tech, and combat operations.The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article." @default.
• W4383067560 created "2023-07-05" @default.
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• W4383067560 date "2023-07-04" @default.
• W4383067560 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4383067560 title "Exploring factors and implications of violence against civilians: a case study of the Soviet-Afghan war" @default.
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• W4383067560 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2023.2231198" @default.
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